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Radiative Processes In Astrophysics

A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.

Supercontinuum generation, photonic crystal fiber

Recent developments in nonlinear optics have led to the discovery of a new class of ultrashort pulse, the `optical similariton'. Optical similaritons arise when the interaction of nonlinearity, dispersion and gain in a high-power fibre amplifier causes the shape of an arbitrary input pulse to converge asymptotically to a pulse whose shape is self-similar. In comparison with optical solitons, which rely on a delicate balance of nonlinearity and anomalous dispersion and which can become unstable with increasing intensity, similaritons are more robust at high pulse powers. The simplicity and widespread availability of the components needed to build a self-similar amplifier capable of producing optical similaritons provides a convenient experimental platform to explore the fundamental nature of dynamical self-similarity. Here, we provide an overview of self-similar pulse propagation and scaling in optical fibre amplifiers, and their use in the development of high-power ultrafast optical sources, pulse synthesis and all-optical pulse regeneration.

/pdf/self-similarity-in-ultrafast-nonlinear-optics-43af2l77t3.pdf

Self-similarity in ultrafast nonlinear optics

北京大学地球与空间科学学院濮祖荫教授被美国地球物理学会任命为Journal of Geophysical Research（Space Physics）的新一届亚洲与太平洋区域主编，任期为4年（2006-2009）．

北京大学濮祖荫教授被推选为国际著名期刊Journal of Geophysical Research——Space Physics的主编

79 pags., 30 figs., 3 apps. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 3.0

Versatile rogue waves in scalar, vector, and multidimensional nonlinear systems

We study the existence and properties of rogue-wave solutions in different nonlinear wave evolution models that are commonly used in optics and hydrodynamics. In particular, we consider the Fokas-Lenells equation, the defocusing vector nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, and the long-wave--short-wave resonance equation. We show that rogue-wave solutions in all of these models exist in the subset of parameters where modulation instability is present if and only if the unstable sideband spectrum also contains cw or zero-frequency perturbations as a limiting case (baseband instability). We numerically confirm that rogue waves may only be excited from a weakly perturbed cw whenever the baseband instability is present. Conversely, modulation instability leads to nonlinear periodic oscillations.

/pdf/baseband-modulation-instability-as-the-origin-of-rogue-waves-vxuarq9fov.pdf

Baseband modulation instability as the origin of rogue waves

Exact rogue wave solutions of the coupled Hirota equations are obtained by using a Darboux dressing transformation. An analysis of the spectral parameter condition shows that our coupled rogue waves, equal or unequal in background height, always exist no matter what parameters have been chosen for the starting plane waves. We demonstrate that, compared with the decoupled ones, the coupled rogue waves can appear in a rather striking way, i.e., one wave exhibits a centrally humped structure, while the other may feature one single hole in the center\char22{}a dark rogue wave structure. It is expected that these unusual rogue wave structures due to the two-wave coupling may help explain the extreme wave events in deep ocean or other nonlinear dispersive media.

Rogue waves in coupled Hirota systems

We employ a nonrecursive Darboux transformation formalism for obtaining a hierarchy of rogue wave solutions to the focusing vector nonlinear Schrodinger equations (Manakov system). The exact explicit rogue wave solutions up to the second order are presented. Typical rogue wave patterns such as Peregrine-type, triple, quadruple, and sextuple vector rogue waves, either bright–dark or bright–bright in their respective components, are put forward. Despite the diversity, there exists a universal compossibility that different rogue wave states could coexist for the same background parameters. It is also shown that the higher-order rogue wave hierarchy can indeed be thought of as a nonlinear superposition of a fixed well prescribed number of fundamental rogue waves. These results may help understand the protean rogue wave manifestations in areas ranging from hydrodynamics to nonlinear optics.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1751-8113/48/21/215202/pdf

Vector rogue waves in the Manakov system: diversity and compossibility

Extreme wave events, also referred to as rogue waves, are mostly known as oceanic phenomena responsible for a large number of maritime disasters. These waves have height and steepness much greater than expected from the sea average state [1]: not only appear in oceans, but also in the atmosphere, in optics, in plasmas, in superfluids, in Bose-Einstein condensates and as capillary waves. The common features and differences among freak wave manifestations in their different contexts is a subject of intense discussion [2].

Shihua Chen

Papers

Versatile rogue waves in scalar, vector, and multidimensional nonlinear systems

Baseband modulation instability as the origin of rogue waves

Rogue waves in coupled Hirota systems

Vector rogue waves in the Manakov system: diversity and compossibility

Baseband Modulation Instability as the Origin of Rogue Waves