The vision of next generation 5G wireless communications lies in providing very high data rates (typically of Gbps order), extremely low latency, manifold increase in base station capacity, and significant improvement in users’ perceived quality of service (QoS), compared to current 4G LTE networks. Ever increasing proliferation of smart devices, introduction of new emerging multimedia applications, together with an exponential rise in wireless data (multimedia) demand and usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to be the panacea of most of the current cellular networks’ problems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks. We first discuss the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN. Subsequently, we make an in-depth survey of underlying novel mm-wave physical layer technologies, encompassing new channel model estimation, directional antenna design, beamforming algorithms, and massive MIMO technologies. Next, the details of MAC layer protocols and multiplexing schemes needed to efficiently support this new physical layer are discussed. We also look into the killer applications, considered as the major driving force behind 5G. In order to understand the improved user experience, we provide highlights of new QoS, QoE, and SON features associated with the 5G evolution. For alleviating the increased network energy consumption and operating expenditure, we make a detail review on energy awareness and cost efficiency. As understanding the current status of 5G implementation is important for its eventual commercialization, we also discuss relevant field trials, drive tests, and simulation experiments. Finally, we point out major existing research issues and identify possible future research directions.

Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

https://www.cs.montana.edu/courses/csci566/Ref/WMSN-Survey.pdf

A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks

This article focuses on the compressed representations of pictures. The representation does not affect how many bits get from the Web server to the laptop, but it determines the usefulness of the bits that arrive. Many different representations are possible, and there is more involved in their choice than merely selecting a compression ratio. The techniques presented represent a single information source with several chunks of data ("descriptions") so that the source can be approximated from any subset of the chunks. By allowing image reconstruction to continue even after a packet is lost, this type of representation can prevent a Web browser from becoming dormant.

/pdf/multiple-description-coding-compression-meets-the-network-8n6rpegvwp.pdf

Multiple description coding: compression meets the network

This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

Recent advances in antenna and circuit design enable radios that operate in full duplex mode on a single channel with very low residual self-interference. In this paper, the use of such full duplex radios in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is explored. Different scenarios in which the full duplex transmission can be exploited are studied. A distributed full duplex MAC design based on IEEE 802.11 DCF that adopts to the traffic conditions is proposed. The proposed MAC design works for both ad hoc and infrastructure modes of WLAN and takes into consideration new interference and contention during full duplex transmissions. OPNET simulations comparing the performance of the proposed MAC with traditional half duplex based IEEE 802.11 DCF show that the new MAC protocol provides up to 88% throughput gain in a heavily loaded network.

A distributed MAC protocol for full duplex radio

Recent progress in establishing the capability of radios to operate in full duplex mode on a single channel has been attracting growing attention from many researchers. We extend this work by considering the application to small cells, in particular resource-managed cellular systems similar to the TDD variant of LTE. We derive conditions where full duplex operation provides improved throughput compared to half duplex for a single cell scenario. We present a hybrid scheduler that defaults to half duplex operation but can assign full duplex timeslots when it is advantageous to do so. We compare the performance of such a scheduler with a traditional half duplex scheduler in terms of throughput and energy efficiency. Our simulation results show that we achieve as much as 81% of the capacity doubling promised by full duplex, with limitations deriving from interference effects specific to full duplex operation.

Improving small cell capacity with common-carrier full duplex radios

The dual round-robin matching (DRRM) switch has a scalable, low complexity architecture which allows for an aggregate bandwidth exceeding 1 Tb/s using current CMOS technology. In this paper we prove that the DRRM switch can achieve 100% throughput under i.i.d. and uniform traffic. The DRRM is the first practical matching scheme for which this property has been proved. The performance of the DRRM switch is then studied and compared with the iSLIP switch. The delay performance under uniform traffic and the hot-spot throughput of DRRM is better than that of iSLIP, while the throughput of iSLIP under some nonuniform traffic scenarios is slightly higher than that of DRRM. Since throughput drops below 100%, under nonuniform traffic, we also examine some variations of the DRRM matching scheme for nonuniform traffic.

On the performance of a dual round-robin switch

The vast available spectrum in the millimeter- wave (mmWave) bands offers the possibility of multi-gigabit-per-second data rates for fifth generation cellular networks. However, mmWave capacity can be highly intermittent due to the vulnerability of mmWave signals to blockages and delays in directional searching. Such highly variable links present unique challenges for adaptive control mechanisms in transport layer protocols and end-to-end applications. This article considers the fundamental question of whether TCP, the most widely used transport protocol, will work in mmWave cellular systems. The article provides a comprehensive simulation study of TCP considering various factors such as the congestion control algorithm, including the recently proposed TCP BBR, edge vs. remote servers, handover and multi-connectivity, TCP packet size, and 3GPPstack parameters. We show that the performance of TCP on mmWave links is highly dependent on different combinations of these parameters, and identify the open challenges in this area.

Will TCP Work in mmWave 5G Cellular Networks

The millimeter wave (mmWave) bands are likely to play a significant role in next generation cellular systems due to the possibility of very high throughput thanks to the availability of massive bandwidth and high-dimensional antennas. Especially in Non-Line-of-Sight conditions, significant variations in the received RF power can occur as a result of the scattering from nearby building and terrain surfaces. Scattering objects come and go as the user moves through the local environment. At the higher end of the mmWave band, rough surface scatter generates cluster-based small-scale fading, where signal levels can vary by more than 20 dB over just a few wavelengths. This high level of channel variability may present significant challenges for congestion control. Using our recently developed end-to-end mmWave ns3-based framework, this paper presents the first performance evaluation of TCP congestion control in next-generation mmWave networks. Importantly, the framework can incorporate detailed models of the mmWave channel, beamforming and tracking algorithms, and builds on statistical channel models derived from real measurements in New York City, as well as detailed ray traces.

/pdf/transport-layer-performance-in-5g-mmwave-cellular-3jimpwvqxo.pdf

Shivendra S. Panwar

Papers

A distributed MAC protocol for full duplex radio

Improving small cell capacity with common-carrier full duplex radios

On the performance of a dual round-robin switch

Will TCP Work in mmWave 5G Cellular Networks

Transport layer performance in 5G mmWave cellular