Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Health literacy has been associated with health-related knowledge and patient comprehension. This systematic review updates a 2004 review and found 96 eligible studies that suggest that low health ...

Low Health Literacy and Health Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review

Importance Since publication of the report by the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine in 1996, researchers have advanced the methods of cost-effectiveness analysis, and policy makers have experimented with its application. The need to deliver health care efficiently and the importance of using analytic techniques to understand the clinical and economic consequences of strategies to improve health have increased in recent years. Objective To review the state of the field and provide recommendations to improve the quality of cost-effectiveness analyses. The intended audiences include researchers, government policy makers, public health officials, health care administrators, payers, businesses, clinicians, patients, and consumers. Design In 2012, the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine was formed and included 2 co-chairs, 13 members, and 3 additional members of a leadership group. These members were selected on the basis of their experience in the field to provide broad expertise in the design, conduct, and use of cost-effectiveness analyses. Over the next 3.5 years, the panel developed recommendations by consensus. These recommendations were then reviewed by invited external reviewers and through a public posting process. Findings The concept of a “reference case” and a set of standard methodological practices that all cost-effectiveness analyses should follow to improve quality and comparability are recommended. All cost-effectiveness analyses should report 2 reference case analyses: one based on a health care sector perspective and another based on a societal perspective. The use of an “impact inventory,” which is a structured table that contains consequences (both inside and outside the formal health care sector), intended to clarify the scope and boundaries of the 2 reference case analyses is also recommended. This special communication reviews these recommendations and others concerning the estimation of the consequences of interventions, the valuation of health outcomes, and the reporting of cost-effectiveness analyses. Conclusions and Relevance The Second Panel reviewed the current status of the field of cost-effectiveness analysis and developed a new set of recommendations. Major changes include the recommendation to perform analyses from 2 reference case perspectives and to provide an impact inventory to clarify included consequences.

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Recommendations for Conduct, Methodological Practices, and Reporting of Cost-effectiveness Analyses: Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine

《Ｏｘｆｏｒｄ Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ Ｌｅａｒｎｅｒ’ｓ Ｄｉｃｔｉｏｎａｒｙ ｏｆ Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ》（ 以下简称ＯＡＬＤ） 是英语学习词典的先驱。它是第一部既重视词语释义，又重视词法、句法，配有大量例证的词典。我国英语学习者对其第二、三、四版（ 英汉双解版） 都十分熟悉。１９９５ 年，ＯＡＬＤ 第五次修订再版，又有了新的特色，但仍有不足

评《Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English》第五版

https://www.niph.go.jp/journal/data/62-6/201362060009.pdf

Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS)--explanation and elaboration: a report of the ISPOR Health Economic Evaluation Publication Guidelines Good Reporting Practices Task Force.

Background: In Singapore, the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) reviews an average of 20,000 spontaneous adverse event (AE) reports yearly. Potential safety signals are identified manually and discus...

Quantitative data mining in signal detection: the Singapore experience

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1524-4733.2001.40202-275.x

Php15: a survey of public hospital pharmacists in singapore on their views about ‘the formulary’ and its decision-making process

Cost-Effectiveness of Treating Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Rivaroxban in Australia.

Identification of factors influencing caregiving experience in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

Objective The HeartQoL is an ischemic heart disease (IHD) core questionnaire. This study aimed to map the HeartQoL to the EQ-5D to provide the specific patients’ health status and utility using one instrument. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study investigating IHD patients in China using the Chinese HeartQoL and EQ-5D. Data based on the total group were fitted by 2 linear regression models with the utility score derived from the EQ-5D as a dependent variable and the HeartQoL total and subscale (physical and emotional) scores as independent variables, respectively. The 2 models were compared via modeling fitting statistics. Results In total, 406 IHD patients were enrolled in China. The mean HeartQoL global score for the total group was 1.75 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.85), whereas the mean physical and emotional scores were 1.65 (SD = 0.91) and 1.99 (SD = 0.93), respectively. The mean utility calculated by the EQ-5D for IHD patients was 0.66 (SD = 0.38), as compared with 0.95 (SD = 0.06) for healthy people. From the linear regression model with total score, the total score was a significant predictor for the EQ-5D utility, with the equation as EQ-5D = 0.085 – 0.3294 × total. In the linear regression model with physical and mental scores, both scores were significant predictors for the EQ-5D utility, with an equation as EQ-5D = 0.0671– 0.2091 × physical – 0.1248 × mental. The fitting statistics suggest that the model using the HeartQoL total score is preferred. Conclusion As the first effort to map the HeartQoL to EQ-5D, the linear relationship between these 2 instruments was explored, and this could potentially be useful in future health technology assessment decision making and clinical practice.

Shu-Chuen Li

Papers

Quantitative data mining in signal detection: the Singapore experience

Php15: a survey of public hospital pharmacists in singapore on their views about ‘the formulary’ and its decision-making process

Cost-Effectiveness of Treating Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Rivaroxban in Australia.

Identification of factors influencing caregiving experience in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

Mapping Utility Scores From the HeartQoL Questionnaire Into the EQ-5D for Ischemic Heart Disease.