Occurrence, behavior and effects of nanoparticles in the environment.

The effects of solution pH and temperature on the adsorption of fluoride onto bone char made from cattle bones were investigated in this work. It was found that the maximum adsorption took place at pH 3 and the adsorption capacity decreased nearly 20 times augmenting the pH from 3 to 12. This behavior was attributed to the electrostatic interactions between the surface of bone char and the fluoride ions in solution. The adsorption capacity was not influenced by temperature in the range from 15 to 35 °C. A comparison of fluoride adsorption capacities among several adsorbents revealed that the adsorption capacity of the bone char was 2.8 and 36 times greater than those of a commercial activated alumina (F-1) and a commercial activated carbon (F-400). The adsorption capacity is considerably dependent upon the physicochemical properties of the bone char surface and the solution pH.

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Adsorption of Fluoride from Water Solution on Bone Char

The unique and tunable properties of carbon-based nanomaterials enable new technologies for identifying and addressing environmental challenges. This review critically assesses the contributions of carbon-based nanomaterials to a broad range of environmental applications: sorbents, high-flux membranes, depth filters, antimicrobial agents, environmental sensors, renewable energy technologies, and pollution prevention strategies. In linking technological advance back to the physical, chemical, and electronic properties of carbonaceous nanomaterials, this article also outlines future opportunities for nanomaterial application in environmental systems.

Environmental applications of carbon-based nanomaterials.

Graphene-based materials are gaining heightened attention as novel materials for environmental applications The unique physicochemical properties of graphene, notably its exceptionally high surface area, electron mobility, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength, can lead to novel or improved technologies to address the pressing global environmental challenges This critical review assesses the recent developments in the use of graphene-based materials as sorbent or photocatalytic materials for environmental decontamination, as building blocks for next generation water treatment and desalination membranes, and as electrode materials for contaminant monitoring or removal The most promising areas of research are highlighted, with a discussion of the main challenges that we need to overcome in order to fully realize the exceptional properties of graphene in environmental applications

Environmental applications of graphene-based nanomaterials.

Adsorption of heavy metals on conventional and nanostructured materials for wastewater treatment purposes: A review

Lead adsorption on carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of fluoride from water by amorphous alumina supported on carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of fluoride from water by aligned carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were modified by nitric acid oxidation. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) demonstrated that hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (-C=O) functional groups were introduced to the surface of modified CNT. Micrometrics ASAP 2000 measurement showed that the surface area of modified CNT was slightly increased. Furthermore, the Pb2+ adsorption behavior on the surface of modified CNT has been investigated. The results indicate that the modified CNT has an exceptional adsorption capability for Pb2+ removal. The adsorption isotherms are well described by the Langmuir equation under test temperatures and the kinetics level is three.

Surface characteristics of modified carbon nanotubes and its application in lead adsorption from aqueous solution

A novel material, alumina supported on carbon nanotubes (Al2O3/CNT), was prepared from carbon nanotubes and Al(NO3)3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra demonstrate that alumina is amorphous, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that CNT and alumina are homogeneously mixed. Furthermore, the fluoride adsorption behavior on the surface of Al2O3/CNT has been investigated and compared with other adsorbents. The results indicate that Al2O3/CNT has a high adsorption capacity, with a saturation adsorption capacity of 39.4 mg/g. It is also found that the adsorption capacity of Al2O2/CNT is 3.0–4.5 times that of γ-Al2O3 while almost equal to that of IRA-410 polymeric resin at 25 °C. The adsorption isotherms of fluoride on Al2O3/CNT fit the Freundlich equation well, and optimal pH ranging from 5.0 to 9.0.

Shuguang Wang

Papers

Lead adsorption on carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of fluoride from water by amorphous alumina supported on carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of fluoride from water by aligned carbon nanotubes

Surface characteristics of modified carbon nanotubes and its application in lead adsorption from aqueous solution

Preparation of alumina supported on carbon nanotubes and its application in fluoride adsorption from an aqueous solution