There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Today's best perovskite solar cells use a mixture of formamidinium and methylammonium as the monovalent cations. With the addition of inorganic cesium, the resulting triple cation perovskite compositions are thermally more stable, contain less phase impurities and are less sensitive to processing conditions. This enables more reproducible device performances to reach a stabilized power output of 21.1% and ∼18% after 250 hours under operational conditions. These properties are key for the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaics.

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Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency

The quality of human life depends to a large degree on the availability of energy. This is threatened unless renewable energy resources can be developed in the near future. Chemistry is expected to make important contributions to identify environmentally friendly solutions of the energy problem. One attractive strategy discussed in this Forum Article is the development of solar cells that are based on the sensitization of mesoscopic oxide films by dyes or quantum dots. These systems have already reached conversion efficiencies exceeding 11%. The underlying fundamental processes of light harvesting by the sensitizer, heterogeneous electron transfer from the electronically excited chromophore into the conduction band of the semiconductor oxide, and percolative migration of the injected electrons through the mesoporous film to the collector electrode will be described below in detail. A number of research topics will also be discussed, and the examples for the first outdoor application of such solar cells wi...

Solar energy conversion by dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells

Investigation of metal xanthates as latent curing catalysts for epoxy resin via formation of in-situ metal sulfides

Research following Pb Perovskite Solar Cells

The photosensitive composite of the present invention is obtained by including a nonsubstitutional or substitutional benzyl radical in the phenol side chain of polyvinylphenol. The photosensitive composites have not only excellent heat resistivity, RIE resistivity, and resolving power but also have a wide tolerance for the variations in the development temperature and developer concentration at the time of development. Therefore, it is possible to obtain resist patterns with fine structure.

Photosensitive composition and method of forming a resist pattern with copolymer of polyvinyl phenol

PCBM is a fullerene derivative, which is commonly employed as an electron transport layer (ETL), and still has some issues to fabricate low temperature-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) such ...

Efficient Surface Passivation and Electron Transport Enable Low Temperature-Processed Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 20%

Fundamental aspects for a novel LSI pattern fabrication process employing polysilanes as an antireflective layer (ARL) are discussed. The multilayer is composed of an organic resist, a polysilane layer, and a substrate. The polysilane avoids reflections from the substrate when the resist is exposed to 248-nm light emitted from a KrF excimer laser. It also acts as a pattern transfer layer. The polysilane layer is etched faster than the resist when the etching is carried out with reactive ions by employing Cl 2 gas. Therefore, the resist pattern is transferred to the polysilane layer precisely. The relationship between the structure of the polysilane and its physical properties, namely, the UV absorbance at 248 nm and etching selectivity toward the organic resist, is discussed and the best polysilane structure for this application identified.

Shuzi Hayase

Papers

Investigation of metal xanthates as latent curing catalysts for epoxy resin via formation of in-situ metal sulfides

Research following Pb Perovskite Solar Cells

Photosensitive composition and method of forming a resist pattern with copolymer of polyvinyl phenol

Efficient Surface Passivation and Electron Transport Enable Low Temperature-Processed Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 20%

Application of Polysilanes to LSI Manufacturing ProcessesTheir Antireflective Properties and Etching Selectivity toward Resists