There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Today's best perovskite solar cells use a mixture of formamidinium and methylammonium as the monovalent cations. With the addition of inorganic cesium, the resulting triple cation perovskite compositions are thermally more stable, contain less phase impurities and are less sensitive to processing conditions. This enables more reproducible device performances to reach a stabilized power output of 21.1% and ∼18% after 250 hours under operational conditions. These properties are key for the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaics.

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Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency

The quality of human life depends to a large degree on the availability of energy. This is threatened unless renewable energy resources can be developed in the near future. Chemistry is expected to make important contributions to identify environmentally friendly solutions of the energy problem. One attractive strategy discussed in this Forum Article is the development of solar cells that are based on the sensitization of mesoscopic oxide films by dyes or quantum dots. These systems have already reached conversion efficiencies exceeding 11%. The underlying fundamental processes of light harvesting by the sensitizer, heterogeneous electron transfer from the electronically excited chromophore into the conduction band of the semiconductor oxide, and percolative migration of the injected electrons through the mesoporous film to the collector electrode will be described below in detail. A number of research topics will also be discussed, and the examples for the first outdoor application of such solar cells wi...

Solar energy conversion by dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells

A photo-curable epoxy resin type composition which comprises (a) an epoxy resin, (b) a compound having at least one group represented by the formula: -NH-, (c) an organic metal compound, and (d) an organic silicon compound capable of forming a silanol group by irradiation with light. The photo-curable epoxy resin type composition according to this invention is capable of readily curing by light (ultraviolet ray in particular) and also capable of heat-curing at a temperature of 150 °C or more, and yet free from inclusion of ionic impurities from the cured product, free from corrosion of metallic materials which may be in contact with the composition, and having excellent electrical properties.

Photo-curable epoxy resin type composition and curing process

The present invention is intended to provide a gel electrolyte precursor for use in a dye-sensitized solar cell which is easy to handle when used to fabricate solar cells and provides a solar cell excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency and to provide dye-sensitized solar cells. Dye-sensitized solar cell 10 is made up of: an electrode consisting of transparent substrate 12 a with transparent conductive film 14 a and metal oxide semiconductor layer 16 deposited on its surface and sensitizing dye layer 18 supported thereon; and an electrode consisting of transparent glass plate 12 b with transparent conductive film 14 b deposited on its surface and a good-conducting metal sputter-deposited thereon, wherein between the two electrodes a closed space is defined by separator 20 , and electrolyte layer 22 , which is a gelled electrolysis solution, is arranged in the closed space. Electrolyte layer 22 is prepared by arranging, between the electrodes, an electrolysis solution with a crosslinkable precursor mixed therein and allowing the crosslinkable precursor to react and crosslink so that the electrolysis solution is gelled. The crosslinkable precursor is a gel electrolyte precursor and is composed of inorganic particles and an organic substance which reacts with the inorganic particle surface when heated, or of two or more kinds of organic substances which react when heated.

Gel Electrolyte Precursor for Use in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

Anomalous transition of the dispersion parameter α was observed for the first time in poly( n-butyl- n-pentylsilane) (PBPS). Time-of-flight photocurrent (I) of PBPS was measured. The photocurrent transient was dispersive: I∝t-(1-α). The dispersion parameter α dropped around the glass transition temperature T g with increasing temperature, and became temperature-independent above T g. The mobility was described within the framework of a formalism based on disorder due to Bassler and coworkers. Both the diagonal disorder parameter σ, the variance of the density of states, and the off-diagonal disorder parameter Σ, the degree of positional disorder, decreased around T g. Nevertheless the ratio of the off-diagonal disorder parameter Σ to the diagonal disorder parameter σ was found to increase above the transition temperature. This anomalous transition is rationalized by the assumption that the off-diagonal disorder dominates charge transport in PBPS above T g.

Anomalous Transition in Charge Transport Behavior of Polysilane.

In this paper, we try to fabricate the planer heterojunction (PHJ) perovskite solar cell based on low temperature TiOx compact layer by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. We compared solar cell properties between compact-TiO x layer and compact-TiO 2 layer, where CBD deposited films were heated at 250 °C in order to convert into TiO x amorphous state and 450 °C intoTiO 2 anatase state, respectively. Power conversion efficiency of PHJ perovskite solar cell based on our compact-TiO x shows almost same as that of TiO 2 one. In addition, we discuss the origin of hysteresis of PHJ perovskite solar cell based on compact-TiO x and TiO 2 . We conclude that hysteresis of PHJ perovskite solar cell is heavily influenced by surface coverage and roughness of compact-TiO x or TiO 2 layers on transparent conducting oxide.

Low temperature TiOx compact layer by chemical bath deposition method for vapor deposited perovskite solar cells

\n The direct conversion of thermal energy into electricity is possible by thermoelectric effect. CsSnI3 perovskite has shown a way with its intrinsic ultralow thermal conductivity and large Seebeck coefficient. In this work, CsSnI3 thin films were optimized. Thin films were structurally and chemically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermoelectric properties such as electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity were measured near room temperature (300 K). CsSnI3 thin films unileg thermoelectric modules were fabricated on a glass substrate. The maximum output power is obtained about 0.8 nW for five legs (25 mm × 3 mm × 600 nm) modules for the temperature difference of about 5 °C.

Shuzi Hayase

Papers

Photo-curable epoxy resin type composition and curing process

Gel Electrolyte Precursor for Use in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

Anomalous Transition in Charge Transport Behavior of Polysilane.

Low temperature TiOx compact layer by chemical bath deposition method for vapor deposited perovskite solar cells

Unileg Thermoelectric Module Comprised by Coated Halide-Perovskite Thin Film