There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Today's best perovskite solar cells use a mixture of formamidinium and methylammonium as the monovalent cations. With the addition of inorganic cesium, the resulting triple cation perovskite compositions are thermally more stable, contain less phase impurities and are less sensitive to processing conditions. This enables more reproducible device performances to reach a stabilized power output of 21.1% and ∼18% after 250 hours under operational conditions. These properties are key for the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaics.

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Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency

The quality of human life depends to a large degree on the availability of energy. This is threatened unless renewable energy resources can be developed in the near future. Chemistry is expected to make important contributions to identify environmentally friendly solutions of the energy problem. One attractive strategy discussed in this Forum Article is the development of solar cells that are based on the sensitization of mesoscopic oxide films by dyes or quantum dots. These systems have already reached conversion efficiencies exceeding 11%. The underlying fundamental processes of light harvesting by the sensitizer, heterogeneous electron transfer from the electronically excited chromophore into the conduction band of the semiconductor oxide, and percolative migration of the injected electrons through the mesoporous film to the collector electrode will be described below in detail. A number of research topics will also be discussed, and the examples for the first outdoor application of such solar cells wi...

Solar energy conversion by dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells

Disclosed are: a dye-adsorbed semiconductor electrode which can efficiently utilize light having a wide wavelength range including a long wavelength such as an infrared region wavelength; a dye-sensitized solar cell equipped with the dye-adsorbed semiconductor electrode; and a process for producing the dye-adsorbed semiconductor electrode.
Specifically disclosed is a dye-adsorbed semiconductor electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell, comprising: a dye which contains at least one component selected from metal complexes of porphyrin, phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine and a derivative of any one of the aforementioned compounds; and a metal oxide porous semidoncuctor material onto which the dye can be adsorbed. The dye can be adsorbed chemically onto the metal oxide porous semidoncuctor material through the binding of a metal atom in the metal complex to a metal atom in the metal oxide porous semidoncuctor material through an oxygen atom. The metal in the complex and the metal in the metal oxide may be the same as or different from each other.

Dye-adsorbed semiconductor electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell, and process for production of dye-adsorbed semiconductor electrode

Gratzel solar cells are reported in a transparent conducting oxide-less (TCO-less) back-contact dye-sensitized solar cell (BC-DSC) architecture using a stainless steel mesh-protected working electrode along with nanoporous TiO2 semiconductor and metal-free D205 dye. Liquid electrolytes play a significant role for the dye regeneration in the working operation of TCO-less BC-DSCs; therefore, we report the effectiveness of two different commonly utilized electrolytes (iodine- and cobalt-based redox shuttles) for the construction and performance of TCO-less dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Differential performance of DSCs thus fabricated was interpreted utilizing impedance spectral and lifetime analysis. It was found that although utilization of cobalt bipyridyl complex-based electrolyte was able to harvest higher photons in the lower wavelength region (330 to 430 nm) as compared to its iodine electrolyte counterparts, hampered dye regeneration due to reduced driving force and slower ion diffusion in combination with higher charge transport resistance at TiO2  /  dye  /  electrolyte was responsible for relatively hampered photovoltaic performance at peak absorption.

Effect of electrolyte for back contact transparent conducting oxide-less dye-sensitized solar cells: iodine versus cobalt

A novel positive chemically amplified resist containing partially t-butoxycarbonylmethylated poly(4-hydroxy-styrenes)s and 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide-4-sulfonates (NQ4)s was investigated. The resists are effective for a wide region of UV lights including i-line KrF excimer laser lights. The NQ4s photodecompose to form sulfonic acids with accelerate the decomposition of t-butyl moieties of the polymers to form carboxylic acid. Only a few % of NQ4s realize the chemically amplified resists. NQ4s having electron-withdrawing groups give resists with high sensitives which provide excellent subhalf micron patterns when exposed to either i-line light or KrF excimer laser

Chemically Amplified Resists Using 1,2‐Naphthoquinone Diazide‐4‐sulfonates as Photoacid Generators

Organic field effect element

A resin composition is disclosed which has outstanding mechanical and electrical properties. It comprises an inorganic filler, such as vitreous (fused) silica or silicon nitride whose surface is covered with a substance which results from the decomposition of a polysilane compound, and a base resin, for example an epoxy resin or a maleimide resin.

Shuzi Hayase

Papers

Dye-adsorbed semiconductor electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell, and process for production of dye-adsorbed semiconductor electrode

Effect of electrolyte for back contact transparent conducting oxide-less dye-sensitized solar cells: iodine versus cobalt

Chemically Amplified Resists Using 1,2‐Naphthoquinone Diazide‐4‐sulfonates as Photoacid Generators

Organic field effect element

Inorganic filler, process for its preparation, and resin composition including such a filler