Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd preventing chronic diseases a vital investment to read.

Preventing Chronic Diseases: A Vital Investment

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Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles

Author Ray Pawson presents a devastating critique of the dominant approach to systematic review namely the 'meta-analytic' approach as sponsored by the Cochrane and Campbell collaborations. In its place is commended an approach that he terms 'realist synthesis'. On this vision, the real purpose of systematic review is better to understand program theory, so that policies Author Ray Pawson presents a devastating critique of the dominant approach to systematic review namely the 'meta-analytic' approach as sponsored by the Cochrane and Campbell collaborations. In its place is commended an approach that he terms 'realist synthesis'. On this vision, the real purpose of systematic review is better to understand program theory, so that policies can be properly targeted and developed to counter an ever-changing landscape of social problems. The book will be essential reading for all those who loved (or loathed) the arguments developed in Realistic Evaluation (Sage, 1997). It offers a complete blueprint for research synthesis, supported by detailed illustrations and worked examples from across the policy waterfront.

Evidence-based Policy: A Realist Perspective

http://nevadawellness.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Diabetes-self-management-education-for-adults-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-A-systematic-review-of-the-effect-on-glycemic-control.pdf

Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the effect on glycemic control.

https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/23715/1/1-s2.0-S0140673611606983-main.pdf

Effect of early intensive multifactorial therapy on 5-year cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes detected by screening (ADDITION-Europe): a cluster-randomised trial

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured group education programme on biomedical, psychosocial, and lifestyle measures in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Design Multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care with randomisation at practice level Setting 207 general practices in 13 primary care sites in the United Kingdom Participants 824 adults (55% men, mean age 595 years) Intervention A structured group education programme for six hours delivered in the community by two trained healthcare professional educators compared with usual care Main outcome measures Haemoglobin A 1c levels, blood pressure, weight, blood lipid levels, smoking status, physical activity, quality of life, beliefs about illness, depression, and emotional impact of diabetes at baseline and up to 12 months Main results Haemoglobin A 1c levels at 12 months had decreased by 149% in the intervention group compared with 121% in the control group After adjusting for baseline and cluster, the difference was not significant: 005% (95% confidence interval −010% to 020%) The intervention group showed a greater weight loss: −298 kg (95% confidence interval −354 to −241) compared with 186 kg (−244 to −128), P=0027 at 12 months The odds of not smoking were 356 (95% confidence interval 111 to 1145), P=0033 higher in the intervention group at 12 months The intervention group showed significantly greater changes in illness belief scores (P=0001); directions of change were positive indicating greater understanding of diabetes The intervention group had a lower depression score at 12 months: mean difference was −050 (95% confidence interval −096 to −004); P=0032 A positive association was found between change in perceived personal responsibility and weight loss at 12 months (β=012; P=0008) Conclusion A structured group education programme for patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes resulted in greater improvements in weight loss and smoking cessation and positive improvements in beliefs about illness but no difference in haemoglobin A 1c levels up to 12 months after diagnosis Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN17844016

Effectiveness of the diabetes education and self management for ongoing and newly diagnosed (DESMOND) programme for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: cluster randomised controlled trial

Transforming care for people with long term conditions, including support for self management, requires comprehensive reform of health systems largely geared to provide acute care Simon Eaton, Sue Roberts, and Bridget Turner explore the barriers to change, arguing that the success of new approaches will depend on whole system change and strong leadership

https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/350/bmj.h181.full.pdf

Delivering person centred care in long term conditions

NICE guidance on the patient experience is a welcome small step on a long journey

The recent publication of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance and quality standards on patient experience , 1 2 which are summarised in a linked article (doi:10.1136/bmj.d6422),3 provides some statutory weight to complement recent important recommendations on dignity in care from the NHS Confederation, the Local Government Association, and Age UK.4 The aims of the guidance, to create “sustainable change that will result in an ‘NHS cultural shift’ towards a truly patient-centred service” are laudable, and it is good to see that the principle that high quality patient experience should be at the heart of good clinical care is being upheld. Where implemented, NICE’s recommendations will lead to feasible and effective improvements in care. However, much of the guidance states the obvious, and many challenges remain to providing a health service that systematically, reliably, and demonstrably puts patients first.

It is a sad indictment of modern healthcare that we need such guidance in the first place. Restaurants and retailers may need to prompt new employees to offer good customer service, but most people would expect that delivering good service would be second nature for staff from the “the caring professions.” …

https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/344/bmj.e2006.full.pdf

Putting patients first

Objective
This article focuses on approaches within clinical practice that seek to actively involve patients with long-term conditions (LTCs) and how professionals may understand and implement them. Personalized care planning is one such approach, but its current lack of conceptual clarity might have impeded its widespread implementation to date. A variety of overlapping concepts coexist in the literature, which have the potential to impair both clinical and research agendas. The aim of this article is therefore to explore the meaning of the concept of care planning in relation to other overlapping concepts and how this translates into clinical practice implementation.

Methods
Searches were conducted in the Cochrane database for systematic reviews, CINHAL and MEDLINE. A staged approach to conducting the concept mapping was undertaken, by (i) an examination of the literature on care planning in LTCs; (ii) identification of related terms; (iii) locating reviews of those terms. Retrieved articles were subjected to a content analysis, which formed the basis of our concept maps. (iv) We then appraised these against knowledge and experience of the implementation of care planning in clinical practice.

Results and Conclusions
Thirteen articles were retrieved, in which the core importance of patient-centredness, shared decision making and self-management was highlighted. Literature searches on these terms retrieved a further 24 articles. Our concept mapping exercise shows that whilst there are common themes across the concepts, the differences between them reflect the context and intended outcomes within clinical practice. We argue that this clarification exercise will allow for further development of both research and clinical implementation agendas.

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Care planning for long-term conditions – a concept mapping

Care planning has been described as a “better conversation” that helps people with long-term conditions to be in control of planning their care. Each person with long-term conditions faces individual challenges and each health care setting is fundamentally different, so there is a need for empirical testing of the specific mechanisms through which care planning may lead to health improvements. A rapid realist review was conducted to unearth underpinning mechanisms leading to outcomes in particular contexts. These are expressed in the form of realist theories, which are developed and refined through the review process. Fifty-one full text studies were included in the review. Seven program theories were iteratively tested and refined. A detailed description of what care planning is and what it should look like in practice has been achieved in the form of realist theories.

Simon Eaton

Papers

Effectiveness of the diabetes education and self management for ongoing and newly diagnosed (DESMOND) programme for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: cluster randomised controlled trial

Delivering person centred care in long term conditions

Putting patients first

Care planning for long-term conditions – a concept mapping

Care planning: what works, for whom and in what circumstances?: A rapid realist review