Simona Lamberti

TL;DR: Patients with primary and those with secondary HFS share common demographic and clinical features, including sex distribution, age at onset, affected side of HFS, synkinesis, and rarity of familial cases.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of different antiparkinsonian drugs on homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations were evaluated in 45 PD patients (15 treated with dopamine-agonists, 15 with l -dopa and 15 with L-dopa plus a catechol-O-methyltransferase-inhibitor (COMT-I) and in 15 controls).

TL;DR: Analysis of data revealed that Hcy levels were higher in l‐dopa treated PD patients when compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls and that supplementation of the diet with cobalamin and folate is effective in reducing Hcy concentrations; these findings may have important implications in the treatment of PD patients who are potentially at risk for vascular diseases and cognitive impairment or dementia.

TL;DR: The findings of this family study are relevant for accurately counselling the families of patients with BSP and may help identify the most appropriate study design to explore genetic susceptibility in BSP.

TL;DR: The family history method yields low sensitivity and incurs a risk of misclassification, it is of limited use in family studies of adult-onset dystonia, and the only valid means of ascertaining dySTONia among relatives remains neurological examination of at-risk subjects.