CA : A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

The zeta potential (ZP) of colloidal systems and nano-medicines, as well as their particle size exert a major effect on the various properties of nano-drug delivery systems. Not only the stability of dosage forms and their release rate are affected but also their circulation in the blood stream and absorption into body membranes are dramatically altered by ZP. In this paper the effect of ZP on the various properties of nano-medicines are reviewed. Furthermore, the ability of employing zeta potential to target drug delivery systems to, and drug release at specific sites of the body are discussed.

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Effect of Zeta Potential on the Properties of Nano-Drug Delivery Systems - A Review (Part 2)

Chemistries that Facilitate Nanotechnology Kim E. Sapsford,† W. Russ Algar, Lorenzo Berti, Kelly Boeneman Gemmill,‡ Brendan J. Casey,† Eunkeu Oh, Michael H. Stewart, and Igor L. Medintz*,‡ †Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States ‡Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Division of Optical Sciences Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, United States Sotera Defense Solutions, Crofton, Maryland 21114, United States

Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology.

Development of reliable and eco-accommodating methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a vital step in the field of nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles are important because of their exceptional chemical, physical, and biological properties, and hence applications. In the last decade, numerous efforts were made to develop green methods of synthesis to avoid the hazardous byproducts. This review describes the methods of green synthesis for Ag-NPs and their numerous applications. It also describes the comparison of efficient synthesis methods via green routes over physical and chemical methods, which provide strong evidence for the selection of suitable method for the synthesis of Ag-NPs.

A review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their applications

Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are particles within the size range from 1 to 1000 nm and can be loaded with active compounds entrapped within or surface-adsorbed onto the polymeric core. The term “nanoparticle” stands for both nanocapsules and nanospheres, which are distinguished by the morphological structure. Polymeric NPs have shown great potential for targeted delivery of drugs for the treatment of several diseases. In this review, we discuss the most commonly used methods for the production and characterization of polymeric NPs, the association efficiency of the active compound to the polymeric core, and the in vitro release mechanisms. As the safety of nanoparticles is a high priority, we also discuss the toxicology and ecotoxicology of nanoparticles to humans and to the environment.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/16/3731/pdf

Polymeric nanoparticles: production, characterization, toxicology and ecotoxicology

Purpose: To evaluate a green process for the extracellular production of silver (Ag) nanoparticles synthesized and stabilized using Penicillium citrinum isolated from soil. Methods: The pure colonies of Penicillium citrinum were cultured in Czapek dox broth. The supernatant of the broth was examined for the ability to produce silver nanoparticles. The reactions were performed in a dark compartment at 28 oC. After 24 h, the synthesized silver nanoparticles were filtered through a membrane filter (0.45 µ) and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for particle size, shape and the presence of different functional groups in the nanoparticles. Results: The silver nanoparticles formed were fairly uniform in size with a spherical shape and a Zaverage diameter of 109 nm. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of amide linkage groups which were also found in the fungal extract itself. Conclusion: The current approach suggests that rapid synthesis of nanoparticles of silver nitrate would be suitable for developing a biological process for mass scale production of formulations.

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Induced by the Fungus Penicillium citrinum

Context: Treating vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains requires high doses of vancomycin, which might lead to adverse reactions such as nephrotoxicity and “red neck syndrome”. Use of nanotechnology for antibiotic delivery is a promising approach to overcome antibiotic-resistance.Objective: The objective of this study was optimizing the particle size and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of vancomycin nanoparticles prepared from chitosan.Materials and methods: The nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation method, at different combinations of chitosan concentration, chitosan/tripolyphosphate mass and vancomycin/chitosan mass, using Box–Behnken experimental design. Dynamic light scattering and ultracentrifugation were used to measure the nanoparticle size and EE, respectively. Vancomycin was quantified in samples by spectrophotometery. The optimum conditions were determined by subsequent regression analysis and multicriteria decision analysis of the output data.Results: The nanopar...

Optimization of particle size and encapsulation efficiency of vancomycin nanoparticles by response surface methodology

The biological effects of nanoparticles and their uses as molecular probes are research areas of growing interest. The present study demonstrates an eco-friendly biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles. The pure colonies of penicillium aurantiogriseum, penicillium citrinum, and penicillium waksmanii were cultured in fluid czapek dox broth. Then, their supernatants were examined for the ability to produce gold nanoparticles. In this step, 1 mM solution of AuCl added to the reaction matrixes separately. The reactions were performed in a dark environment at 28 degrees C. After 24 hours, it was observed that the color of the solutions turned to dark purple from light yellow. Synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Nano Zeta Sizer, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the gold nanoparticles were formed fairly uniform with spherical shape with the Z-average diameter of 153.3 nm, 172 nm and 160.1 nm for penicillium aurantiogriseum, penicillium citrinum, and penicillium waksmanii, respectively. The Fourier transformed infrared spectra revealed the presence of different functional groups to gold nanoparticles which were present in the fungal extract. The current approach suggests that the rapid synthesis of nanoparticles would be proper for developing a biological process for mass scale production.

Fungus-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles: a novel biological approach to nanoparticle synthesis.

Purpose: To demonstrate eco-friendly biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Enterobacteriaceae.Methods: Pure colonies of nine different bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family were separated from water and cultured in Luria Bertani broth medium. Their respective supernatants were examined forability to produce gold nanoparticles. In this step, 1 mM solution of Gold(III) chloride trihydrate H(AuCl4) added to reaction matrices (supernatant) separately. The reaction was performed in a dark  environment at 37 oC. After 24 h, it was observed that the color of the solutions turned to dark purple from light yellow. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering,scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for yield, particle size, shape and presence of different functional groups, respectively. The nanoparticles were centrifuged and re-dispersed in double distilled water thrice to purify them for FTIR studies.Results: The gold nanoparticles were fairly uniform in size, spherical in shape and with Z-average diameter ranging from 11.8 to 459 nm depending on the bacteria used. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of various functional groups in the gold nanoparticles which were also present in the bacterial extract.Conclusion: The current approach suggests that rapid synthesis of nanoparticles would be feasible in developing a biological process for mass scale production of gold nanoparticles.Keywords: Biosynthesis, Enterobacteriaceae, Gold nanoparticles

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Soheyla Honary

Papers

Effect of Zeta Potential on the Properties of Nano-Drug Delivery Systems - A Review (Part 2)

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Induced by the Fungus Penicillium citrinum

Optimization of particle size and encapsulation efficiency of vancomycin nanoparticles by response surface methodology

Fungus-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles: a novel biological approach to nanoparticle synthesis.

A Novel Biological Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle by Enterobacteriaceae Family