Data Mining - Concepts and Techniques.

Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

Topology control in a sensor network balances load on sensor nodes and increases network scalability and lifetime. Clustering sensor nodes is an effective topology control approach. We propose a novel distributed clustering approach for long-lived ad hoc sensor networks. Our proposed approach does not make any assumptions about the presence of infrastructure or about node capabilities, other than the availability of multiple power levels in sensor nodes. We present a protocol, HEED (Hybrid Energy-Efficient Distributed clustering), that periodically selects cluster heads according to a hybrid of the node residual energy and a secondary parameter, such as node proximity to its neighbors or node degree. HEED terminates in O(1) iterations, incurs low message overhead, and achieves fairly uniform cluster head distribution across the network. We prove that, with appropriate bounds on node density and intracluster and intercluster transmission ranges, HEED can asymptotically almost surely guarantee connectivity of clustered networks. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed approach is effective in prolonging the network lifetime and supporting scalable data aggregation.

/pdf/heed-a-hybrid-energy-efficient-distributed-clustering-4c3cjgsfv9.pdf

HEED: a hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks

http://cpham.perso.univ-pau.fr/ENSEIGNEMENT/PAU-UPPA/RESA-M2/Clustering-abasi.pdf

A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks

Topology Control (TC) is one of the most important techniques used in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks to reduce energy consumption (which is essential to extend the network operational time) and radio interference (with a positive effect on the network traffic carrying capacity). The goal of this technique is to control the topology of the graph representing the communication links between network nodes with the purpose of maintaining some global graph property (e.g., connectivity), while reducing energy consumption and/or interference that are strictly related to the nodes' transmitting range. In this article, we state several problems related to topology control in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, and we survey state-of-the-art solutions which have been proposed to tackle them. We also outline several directions for further research which we hope will motivate researchers to undertake additional studies in this field.

/pdf/topology-control-in-wireless-ad-hoc-and-sensor-networks-3e17u396zt.pdf

Topology Control in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

Increased performance, fairness, and security remain important goals for service providers. In this work, we design an integrated distributed monitoring, traffic conditioning, and flow control system for higher performance and security of network domains. Edge routers monitor (using tomography techniques) a network domain to detect quality of service (QoS) violations--possibly caused by underprovisioning--as well as bandwidth theft attacks. To bound the monitoring overhead, a router only verifies service level agreement (SLA) parameters such as delay, loss, and throughput when anomalies are detected. The marking component of the edge router uses TCP flow characteristics to protect 'fragile' flows. Edge routers may also regulate unresponsive flows, and may propagate congestion information to upstream domains. Simulation results indicate that this design increases application-level throughput of data applications such as large FTP transfers; achieves low packet delays and response times for Telnet and WWW traffic; and detects bandwidth theft attacks and service violations.

/pdf/monitoring-and-controlling-qos-network-domains-1ieomclt19.pdf

Monitoring and controlling QoS network domains

https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/papers/ftp/cnis_qctrl0.pdf

Dynamic queue control functions for ATM ABR switch schemes: design and analysis

We describe proposed enhancements to the ATM unspecified bit rate (UBR) service that guarantee a minimum rate at the frame level to the UBR VCs. These enhancements have been called guaranteed frame rate (GFR). In this paper, we discuss the motivation, design and implementation issues for GFR. We present the design of buffer management and tagging mechanisms to implement GFR. We study the effects of policing, per-VC buffer allocation, and per-VC queueing on providing GFR to TCP/IP traffic. We conclude that when the entire link capacity is allocate to GFR traffic, per-VC scheduling is necessary to provide minimum throughput guarantees to TCP traffic. We examine the role of frame tagging in the presence of scheduling and buffer management for providing minimum rate guarantees.

Design issues for providing minimum rate guarantees to the ATM unspecified bit rate service

We extend our earlier studies of buffer requirements of TCP over ABR in two directions. First, we study the performance of TCP over ABR in an ATM backbone. We find that the TCP queues are at the edge router and not inside the ATM network. The edge router requires buffering equal to the sum of the receiver window sizes of the participating TCP connections. Second, we study the performance when ABR capacity is variable due to the effect of various patterns of VBR background traffic. The key factors in this study are the VBR traffic pattern, ABR feedback delays and the sensitivity of the ABR switch scheme to variance. We present our experiences in refining the ERICA+ switch scheme to handle these conditions.

Performance of TCP over ABR on ATM backbone and with various VBR background traffic patterns

The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks are quickly being adopted as backbones over various parts of the Internet. This paper analyzes the performance of TCP/IP protocols over ATM network's Available Bit Rate (ABR) and Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) services. It is shown that ABR pushes congestion to the edges of the ATM network while UBR leaves it inside the ATM portion.

Sonia Fahmy

Papers

Monitoring and controlling QoS network domains

Dynamic queue control functions for ATM ABR switch schemes: design and analysis

Design issues for providing minimum rate guarantees to the ATM unspecified bit rate service

Performance of TCP over ABR on ATM backbone and with various VBR background traffic patterns

Performance and Buffering Requirements of Internet Protocols over ATM ABR and UBR Services