The term photonic crystals appears because of the analogy between electron waves in crystals and the light waves in artificial periodic dielectric structures. During the recent years the investigation of one-, two-and three-dimensional periodic structures has attracted a widespread attention of the world optics community because of great potentiality of such structures in advanced applied optical fields. The interest in periodic structures has been stimulated by the fast development of semiconductor technology that now allows the fabrication of artificial structures, whose period is comparable with the wavelength of light in the visible and infrared ranges.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6354/16969/00781867.pdf

Photonic crystals

Physical Review B

Along with extensive research on the three-dimensional (3D) printing of polymers and metals, 3D printing of ceramics is now the latest trend to come under the spotlight. The ability to fabricate ceramic components of arbitrarily complex shapes has been extremely challenging without 3D printing. This review focuses on the latest advances in the 3D printing of ceramics and presents the historical origins and evolution of each related technique. The main technical aspects, including feedstock properties, process control, post-treatments and energy source–material interactions, are also discussed. The technical challenges and advice about how to address these are presented. Comparisons are made between the techniques to facilitate the selection of the best ones in practical use. In addition, representative applications of the 3D printing of various types of ceramics are surveyed. Future directions are pointed out on the advancement on materials and forming mechanism for the fabrication of high-performance ceramic components.

3D printing of ceramics: A review

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02119698/document

Mechanical properties of components fabricated with open-source 3-D printers under realistic environmental conditions

Journal of Applied physics,Vol.33 : 1962年に発表されたレオロジー関連の論文

Three-dimensional fractals called the Menger sponge, with a fractal dimension $D=\mathrm{log}﻿20/\mathrm{log}﻿3$, were fabricated from epoxy resin by stereolithography. Clear attenuation of both reflection and transmission intensity was observed at 12.8 GHz for a cubic specimen with an edge size of 27 mm that was constructed up to the third stage of the self-similar patterns. The electromagnetic field was found to be confined in the central part of the specimen at this frequency. The localization is not caused by the presence of a photonic band gap as in photonic crystals but should be attributed to a singular photon density of states realized in the fractal structure. This is the first report on such localization of electromagnetic waves in three-dimensional fractal cavities.

Localization of electromagnetic waves in three-dimensional fractal cavities.

Fabrication of electromagnetic crystals with a complete diamond structure by stereolithography

The thermal conductivity of polymer composites was improved by loading three-dimensional (3D) brushlike AlN nanowhiskers fillers synthesized by simple combustion method. Through filling 47 vol % of the synthesized AlN nanowhiskers, the thermal conductivity of the composite was significantly increased to 4.2 W m−1 K−1, which was 2.3 times higher than that of the composite filled with the same content of commercial AlN equiaxed particles. According to Agari model analysis and microstructure observation, the thermal conductivity enhancement can be ascribed to the 3D brushlike AlN nanowhiskers promoted the formation of a more effect percolating network in the matrix with lower thermal resistance.

Enhanced thermal conductivity of polymer composites filled with three-dimensional brushlike AlN nanowhiskers

Control of microwave emission from electromagnetic crystals by lattice modifications

Three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals with a diamond structure made from 40 vol% TiO2–acrylate dielectric composites were formed by means of a CAD/CAM micro-stereolithography system. The lattice constant of the diamond unit cell was 500 μm and the forming accuracy was 10 μm. The photonic band gap in the Γ–X 〈100〉 direction measured by terahertz-time-domain spectroscopy appeared at 280–360 GHz, which agreed fairly well with the band gap calculated by the plane wave expansion method.

Soshu Kirihara

Papers

Localization of electromagnetic waves in three-dimensional fractal cavities.

Fabrication of electromagnetic crystals with a complete diamond structure by stereolithography

Enhanced thermal conductivity of polymer composites filled with three-dimensional brushlike AlN nanowhiskers

Control of microwave emission from electromagnetic crystals by lattice modifications

Fabrication of Three‐Dimensional Micro Photonic Crystals of Resin‐Incorporating TiO2 Particles and their Terahertz Wave Properties