https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/197439/1207.0203v1.pdf

Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions

This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols, and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. This paper starts by providing a horizontal overview of the IoT. Then, we give an overview of some technical details that pertain to the IoT enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. Compared to other survey papers in the field, our objective is to provide a more thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and application issues to enable researchers and application developers to get up to speed quickly on how the different protocols fit together to deliver desired functionalities without having to go through RFCs and the standards specifications. We also provide an overview of some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature and provide a summary of related research work. Moreover, we explore the relation between the IoT and other emerging technologies including big data analytics and cloud and fog computing. We also present the need for better horizontal integration among IoT services. Finally, we present detailed service use-cases to illustrate how the different protocols presented in the paper fit together to deliver desired IoT services.

Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications

Low power wide area (LPWA) networks are attracting a lot of attention primarily because of their ability to offer affordable connectivity to the low-power devices distributed over very large geographical areas. In realizing the vision of the Internet of Things, LPWA technologies complement and sometimes supersede the conventional cellular and short range wireless technologies in performance for various emerging smart city and machine-to-machine applications. This review paper presents the design goals and the techniques, which different LPWA technologies exploit to offer wide-area coverage to low-power devices at the expense of low data rates. We survey several emerging LPWA technologies and the standardization activities carried out by different standards development organizations (e.g., IEEE, IETF, 3GPP, ETSI) as well as the industrial consortia built around individual LPWA technologies (e.g., LoRa Alliance, Weightless-SIG, and Dash7 alliance). We further note that LPWA technologies adopt similar approaches, thus sharing similar limitations and challenges. This paper expands on these research challenges and identifies potential directions to address them. While the proprietary LPWA technologies are already hitting the market with large nationwide roll-outs, this paper encourages an active engagement of the research community in solving problems that will shape the connectivity of tens of billions of devices in the next decade.

Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview

The Internet of Things is a paradigm where everyday objects can be equipped with identifying, sensing, networking and processing capabilities that will allow them to communicate with one another and with other devices and services over the Internet to accomplish some objective. Ultimately, IoT devices will be ubiquitous, context-aware and will enable ambient intelligence. This article reports on the current state of research on the Internet of Things by examining the literature, identifying current trends, describing challenges that threaten IoT diffusion, presenting open research questions and future directions and compiling a comprehensive reference list to assist researchers.

The Internet of Things--A survey of topics and trends

Increasing population density in urban centers demands adequate provision of services and infrastructure to meet the needs of city inhabitants, encompassing residents, workers, and visitors. The utilization of information and communications technologies to achieve this objective presents an opportunity for the development of smart cities, where city management and citizens are given access to a wealth of real-time information about the urban environment upon which to base decisions, actions, and future planning. This paper presents a framework for the realization of smart cities through the Internet of Things (IoT). The framework encompasses the complete urban information system, from the sensory level and networking support structure through to data management and Cloud-based integration of respective systems and services, and forms a transformational part of the existing cyber-physical system. This IoT vision for a smart city is applied to a noise mapping case study to illustrate a new method for existing operations that can be adapted for the enhancement and delivery of important city services.

An Information Framework for Creating a Smart City Through Internet of Things

SmartSantander: IoT experimentation over a smart city testbed

The initial vision of the Internet of Things was of a world in which all physical objects are tagged and uniquely identified by RFID transponders. However, the concept has grown into multiple dimensions, encompassing sensor networks able to provide real-world intelligence and goal-oriented collaboration of distributed smart objects via local networks or global interconnections such as the Internet. Despite significant technological advances, difficulties associated with the evaluation of IoT solutions under realistic conditions in real-world experimental deployments still hamper their maturation and significant rollout. In this article we identify requirements for the next generation of IoT experimental facilities. While providing a taxonomy, we also survey currently available research testbeds, identify existing gaps, and suggest new directions based on experience from recent efforts in this field.

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00630092/document

A survey on facilities for experimental internet of things research

Internet of Things (IoT) domain has attracted a lot of interest over the last few years, to a large extent due to its applicability across a plethora of application domains. This variety of application domains resulted in a variety of requirements that IoT systems should comply with. Due to the heterogeneity of the domains, the requirements varied significantly, and demanding more or less complex systems with varied performance expectations. This situation affected the architecture design and resulted in a range of IoT architectures with not only varied set of components and functionalities, but also varied terminologies used. It resulted in limited interoperability between the systems which in turn hampered development of the complete domain. To address these issues, to ensure a common understanding by providing a framework catering for different applications and eventually enable reuse of the existing work across the domains, reference architectures are an appropriate tool. This paper presents an overview of the activities done in Europe towards definition of such a common framework together with how it is being used and a potential outlook for these efforts.

Designing IoT architecture(s): A European perspective

The invention relates to techniques for controlling a pre-fetching of data in a mobile communications environment. More specifically the invention relates to controlling a pre-fetching of data items into a cache associated with a mobile terminal. A method embodiment of the invention is performed by a cache management server and comprises the steps of receiving a pre-fetching request for data items, wherein the pre-fetching request comprises a first user identification associated with the mobile terminal; obtaining, based on the first user identification, one or more second user identifications from a community database of a social network; selecting items for the pre-fetching based on the second user identifications; and providing the selected items in response to the pre-fetching request.

Pre-fetching of data in a mobile communications environment

Understanding the machine-type communication (MTC) traffic is a key for designing and optimizing a network and the applicable QoS scheme capable of providing adequate communication services without compromising the conventional services such as data, voice, and video. In this paper, we propose a framework for traffic modeling, generation, and load estimation for machine-type communication that can be used to optimize the network to the intrinsic MTC traffic characteristic. For this purpose, key MTC traffic parameters are also derived and examined through a realtime sensor-based event detection application scenario highlighting the traffic pattern and volume generated by such an application.

Srdjan Krco

Papers

SmartSantander: IoT experimentation over a smart city testbed

A survey on facilities for experimental internet of things research

Designing IoT architecture(s): A European perspective

Pre-fetching of data in a mobile communications environment

Simple Traffic Modeling Framework for Machine Type Communication