/pdf/anatomy-and-physiology-of-farm-animals-cdtf9ixqoa.pdf

Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals

Atlas of Rumen Microbiology

https://oem.bmj.com/content/oemed/8/3/187.2.full.pdf

Microdiffusion Analysis and Volumetric Error.

Symposium review: Technologies for improving fiber utilization.

https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/ejb/v18n2/a05.pdf

Extraction optimization of total triterpenoids from Jatropha curcas leaves using response surface methodology and evaluations of their antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of lerak extract on the dynamic of rumen microbes in the in vitro fermentation of diet with different ratios of forage and concentrate. In vitro fermentation was conducted according to the method of Tilley and Terry (1963). The design of experiment was a factorial block design with 2 factors. The first factor was the ratio of forage and concentrate (90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 w/w) and the second factor was the level of lerak extract (0, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/ml). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, proportional VFA and NH3 concentration were measured at 4 h incubation. Protozoal numbers in the buffered rumen fluid after 4 and 24 h of incubation were counted under a microscope. Bacterial DNAs of buffered rumen fluid were isolated from incubated samples after 24 h of incubation using a QiaAmp kit. Total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Prevotella ruminicola were quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lerak extract markedly reduced protozoal numbers in buffered rumen fluid of all diets after 24 h of incubation. Total bacteria did not change with lerak extract addition. While no difference in F. succinogenes was found, there was a slight increase in R. albus number and a significant enhancement in P. ruminicola number by increasing the level of lerak extract in all diets. Propionate concentration significantly increased in the presence of lerak extract at level 0.8 mg/ml. It was concluded that the addition of lerak extract could modify rumen fermentation and had positive

Rumen Microbial Population in the In vitro Fermentation of Different Ratios of Forage and Concentrate in the Presence of Whole Lerak (Sapindus rarak) Fruit Extract

This research was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of powder of temulawak, ginger and garlic to S.typhimurium using modified agar well method. Preliminary study showed that garlic powder had the best antibacterial activity, therefore it was further tested in a feeding trial to evaluate the effect on growth performance and immune response in broiler chicken challenged with S. typhimurium (ST). Experimental treatments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with four treatment and three replications (Negative control, positive control, garlic powder and tetracycline). Seventy-two Day-Old-Chickens with body weight 46,7 g strain A¢â‚¬A“Hubbard WonokoyoA¢â‚¬Â were used in a 28 days experiment. Broiler chickens were fed garlic powder and tetracycline diets for 10 days and then challenged orally with ST 4,1 x 1011 cfu. Body weight, feed intake and salmonella colony in faeces were monitored. Blood serum was collected at 18-d after infection. Results indicated that there was no significant effect of garlic powder on body weight and feed intake, but feed intake tended to decrease. However, feed conversion ratio of ration with garlic powder was better than rations with tetracycline and other treatments. Salmonella population in faeces also decreased with addition of garlic powder in diets. Total protein serum was influenced by disease challenged. Serum immunoglobulin (gamma globulin) was not influenced by disease challenged, but addition garlic powder in diet tended to increase gamma-globulin concentration. It can be concluded that garlic powder has antibacterial activity to S.typhimurium. Furthermore, this result indicated that some beneficial effect of dietary garlic powder at 2,5% supplementation on growth performance and no effect on immune response in the presence of ST-challenge. Key words : antibacterial, temulawak, ginger, garlic, Salmonella, chicken

/pdf/kajian-antibakteri-temulawak-jahe-dan-bawang-putih-terhadap-55a9lirhai.pdf

Kajian Antibakteri Temulawak, Jahe dan Bawang Putih terhadap Salmonella typhimurium serta Pengaruh Bawang Putih terhadap Performans dan Respon Imun Ayam Pedaging

Effects of Selected Lactobacillus plantarum as Probiotic on In vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Population

Diversity of mangrove function generates both tangible and intangible benefits and services causing its overall value is not easily recognized hence often overlooked in coastal areas development. The study used the total economic value as a framework for estimating the values of the different uses of mangroves in East Sinjai Sub District, South Sulawesi. Survey method was carried out from September  2014-February 2015. The results showed that total value of mangrove ecosystems in East Sinjai with total area of 758 ha is IDR37,535,809,496year-1. Those values were derived from direct benefits (polyculture fish pond, catching aquatic biota such as fish, shrimp, crab and milkfish, collecting fuelwood and bats catching) and from indirect benefits i.e. its function to evade abrasion and sea water intrusion, its function as carbon sink and sequestration, its biodiversity values and its existence benefits. The problem that should be anticipated is potential expansion of polyculture fishpond which drives clearing intact mangrove forests as it contributes quick and direct income to local people. The research results are expected could be used as a consideration for local government in formulating  recommendations for  sustainable mangrove management in East Sinjai.

/pdf/economic-valuation-as-a-basis-for-sustainable-mangrove-6arg7t0thl.pdf

Economic Valuation As a Basis for Sustainable Mangrove Resource Management: A Case in East Sinjai, South Sulawesi

Canola oil and flaxseed oil are vegetable oils as potential sources of unsaturated fatty acid that could improve the production and quality of beef meat.  However, the use of vegetable oils need to be protected to avoid biohydrogenation by rumen bacteria.  The research was aimed to analyse effect of flaxseed/canola oils calcium soap in the different buffer media on in vitro fermentation characteristic.  The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 blocks based on rumen sampling time.  The first factor was sources of vegetable oils (canola and falxseed) and the second factor was type of buffer (Kajikawa and Mc.Dougall).  Variables observed were pH value, N-NH3 concentration, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), dry matter and organic matter digestibility.  Data obtained was analysed using Analysis of Variance and any significant different further tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test.  The results showed that there was no interaction between sources of diet and buffer.  Supplementation of canola and flaxseed oils protected by calcium soap at level 6% did not affect pH value, dry matter digestibility, rumen protozoa and total bacteria.  The use of different buffers affected pH value, dry matter digestibility, rumen protozoa and total bacteria.  It’s concluded that the used of flaxseed oil or canola oil calcium soap did not alter rumen fermentation and McDougall buffer could improve in vitro fermentation activity compare to Kajikawa buffer.

/pdf/karakteristik-fermentasi-rumen-in-vitro-dengan-penambahan-59clftes19.pdf

Sri Suharti

Papers

Rumen Microbial Population in the In vitro Fermentation of Different Ratios of Forage and Concentrate in the Presence of Whole Lerak (Sapindus rarak) Fruit Extract

Kajian Antibakteri Temulawak, Jahe dan Bawang Putih terhadap Salmonella typhimurium serta Pengaruh Bawang Putih terhadap Performans dan Respon Imun Ayam Pedaging

Effects of Selected Lactobacillus plantarum as Probiotic on In vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Population

Economic Valuation As a Basis for Sustainable Mangrove Resource Management: A Case in East Sinjai, South Sulawesi

Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen In vitro dengan Penambahan Sabun Kalsium Minyak Nabati pada Buffer yang Berbeda.