Stephen H. Schneider

TL;DR: The authors extended conventional, smooth integrated assessment models (IAMs) of climate policy by coupling a climate model capable of one type of abrupt change to a well-established energy-economy model (DICE) and compared the DICE optimal policy using the standard climate sub-model to their version that allows for abrupt change and consequent enhanced climate damage through changes in the strength (and possible collapse) of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation.

TL;DR: For the case of volcanic dust, a plausible physical mechanism has always been at hand: the absorptive and scattering properties of volcanic particles as discussed by the authors. But the proposed mechanisms for the suggested sunspot-climate link have remained highly speculative, underlining the need for particularly critical assessments when such relationships are su...

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine a set of probabilistic global average temperature metrics for DAI with probability distributions of future climate change produced from a combination of several published climate sensitivity distributions and a range of proposed concentration stabilization profiles differing in both stabilization level and approach trajectory, including overshoot profiles.

TL;DR: The National Wildlife Federation provided fellowships to eight graduate students to conduct research on global climate change, and as mentioned in this paper presented case studies which examined: ways in which local and regional climate variables affect butterfly populations and habitat ranges; how variations in ocean temparature have affected intertidal marine species; the potential effect of reduced snow cover on plants in the Rocky Mountains; the possible effects of climate change onthe distribution of vegetation in the United States; how climate change may increase the susceptability of ecosystems to invasions of non-species; and the potential for environmental change to alter interactions