자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Role of social media in online travel information search

Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management

Tourism, Competitiveness, and Societal Prosperity

https://bibliotecausatpdqt.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/the-impact-of-online-reviews-on-hotel-booking-intentions-and-perception-of-trust.pdf

The impact of online reviews on hotel booking intentions and perception of trust.

Hofstede's five cross-cultural dimensions have been broadly applied in the literature. Money and Crotts recently applied the dimension of uncertainty avoidance to a matched sample comprised of low uncertainty avoidance German and high uncertainty avoidance Japanese tourists, finding their behaviours consistent with those behaviours predicted by Hofstede. This study both replicates and extends their research across a representative sample of first time leisure visitors to the USA representing 58 nations. It was found that visitors from high uncertainty avoidance cultures exhibited behaviours consistent with those of the Japanese in the Money and Crotts research, whereas visitors from low-uncertainty avoidance cultures behaved similarly to their German subjects. Such findings, across a broad sample population, validate the original research through a more rigorous test of its propositions, provide increased confidence regarding their generalisability, and further contribute to our understanding of the influence of national culture on tourist behaviour. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.

Cross-cultural tourist behaviour: a replication and extension involving Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the impact electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has had on the hospitality and tourism industry and to discuss changes that will affect its future. The paper’s touchpoint is our earlier paper (Litvin et al., 2008), which proposed that eWOM was to become a major influence as a conduit of travelers’ views and opinions. Design/methodology/approach The article summarizes arguments in our earlier paper, describing ways in which eWOM has evolved into the influential system it has become, with special emphasis on the growth of mobile media as a platform for eWOM dissemination. Findings We conclude that eWOM has fulfilled its promise to become a major influence on the hospitality and tourism industry and will continue to play an essential role in hospitality marketing for the foreseeable future. Practical implications We provide examples of successful media campaigns and propose strategies for hospitality and tourism businesses. Originality/value eWOM has emerged to becom...

/pdf/a-retrospective-view-of-electronic-word-of-mouth-in-1szv2bqeks.pdf

A retrospective view of electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management

Is tourism a generator of peace or simply the beneficiary of peace? This article questions the often-stated claim of tourism as the world's peace industry and asks whether there exists a causal relationship between tourism and peace or simply a co-relationship with tourism as a beneficiary, and not a cause, of peace.

Tourism: The World's Peace Industry?

Self-image congruity, the relationship between one’s self-image and one’s image of a product or service, is a widely accepted consumer behaviour theory lately finding currency in tourism literature...

Stephen W. Litvin

Papers

Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management

Cross-cultural tourist behaviour: a replication and extension involving Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension.

A retrospective view of electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management

Tourism: The World's Peace Industry?

Individualism/collectivism as a moderating factor to the self-image congruity concept