5. In Situ Polymerization 3907 5.1. General Polymerization 3907 5.2. Photopolymerization 3910 5.3. Surface-Initiated Polymerization 3912 5.4. Other Methods 3913 6. Colloidal Nanocomposites 3913 6.1. Sol-Gel Process 3914 6.2. In Situ Polymerization 3916 6.2.1. Emulsion Polymerization 3917 6.2.2. Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Polymerization 3919 6.2.3. Miniemulsion Polymerization 3920 6.2.4. Dispersion Polymerization 3921 6.2.5. Other Polymerization Methods 3923 6.2.6. Conducting Nanocomposites 3924 6.3. Self Assembly 3926 7. Other Preparative Methods 3926 8. Characterization and Properties 3928 8.1. Chemical Structure 3928 8.2. Microstructure and Morphology 3929 8.3. Mechanical Properties 3933 8.3.1. Tensile, Impact, and Flexural Properties 3933 8.3.2. Hardness 3936 8.3.3. Fracture Toughness 3937 8.3.4. Friction and Wear Properties 3937 8.4. Thermal Properties 3938 8.5. Flame-Retardant Properties 3941 8.6. Optical Properties 3942 8.7. Gas Transport Properties 3943 8.8. Rheological Properties 3945 8.9. Electrical Properties 3945 8.10. Other Characterization Techniques 3946 9. Applications 3947 9.1. Coatings 3947 9.2. Proton Exchange Membranes 3948 9.3. Pervaporation Membranes 3948 9.4. Encapsulation of Organic Light-Emitting Devices 3948

Polymer/Silica Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Study of flexible nanodielectric materials (FNDMs) with high permittivity is one of the most active academic research areas in advanced functional materials. FNDMs with excellent dielectric properties are demonstrated to show great promise as energy-storage dielectric layers in high-performance capacitors. These materials, in common, consist of nanoscale particles dispersed into a flexible polymer matrix so that both the physical/chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles and the interaction between the nanoparticles and the polymers have crucial effects on the microstructures and final properties. This review first outlines the crucial issues in the nanodielectric field and then focuses on recent remarkable research developments in the fabrication of FNDMs with special constitutents, molecular structures, and microstructures. Possible reasons for several persistent issues are analyzed and the general strategies to realize FNDMs with excellent integral properties are summarized. The review further highlights some exciting examples of these FNDMs for power-energy-storage applications.

Flexible Nanodielectric Materials with High Permittivity for Power Energy Storage

CuO nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, growth mechanisms, fundamental properties, and applications

A review of vapor grown carbon nanofiber/polymer conductive composites

Magnetocaloric effect: From materials research to refrigeration devices

Nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI)–titanium dioxide (PANI–TiO2) are prepared from a colloidal sol of TiO2 nanoparticles. The dc and ac conductivities of samples with different concentrations of PANI have been investigated as a function of frequency and temperature. The dc conductivity follows three-dimensional variable range hopping. The ac conductivity has been interpreted as a power law of frequency. The temperature variation of the frequency exponent suggests a correlated barrier hopping conduction process in the nanocomposites. A very large dielectric constant of about 3700 at room temperature has been observed. An electric modulus presentation is used to interpret the dielectric spectra. The interface between polyaniline and TiO2 plays an important role in yielding a large dielectric constant in the nanocomposite.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/15/9/028/pdf

Characterization and dielectric properties of polyaniline?TiO2 nanocomposites

The dc and ac conductivity of polyaniline–polyvinyl alcohol blends

Bi1−xEuxFe1−yCoyO3 (x = 0, 0.01; y = 0, 0.01) nanoparticles, having an average size of 13 nm, were prepared by a simple sol gel route. Strong electronegativity of Eu3+ and smaller oxidation-reduction potential of Co3+/Co2+ (0.55 eV) than Fe3+/Fe2+ (1.3 eV) increase the concentration of Fe3+ ions with doping. Distinct magnetic hysteresis and complete saturation of magnetisation indicate the presence of ferromagnetic phase. The successful co-doping of Eu and Co into BiFeO3 (BFO) lattice dramatically enhances the saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) by about 20 times than that of pure BiFeO3. A large value of dielectric constant of about 650, low loss (<0.001), and small leakage current density (1.79 × 10−8 A/cm2) are observed for the co-doped sample.

Enhanced magnetic and dielectric properties of Eu and Co co-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles

Introduction to thermoplastic elastomers rubber modification of polymers - phase structure, crystallization, processing and properties natural rubber - polyethylene blends natural rubber - polypropylene blends EPDM - polypropylene blends two phase elastomer alloys blends of poly (vinyl chloride) and nitrile rubber thermoplastic elastomers from miscellaneous rubber - plastic blends.

Subodh Kumar De

Papers

Characterization and dielectric properties of polyaniline?TiO2 nanocomposites

The dc and ac conductivity of polyaniline–polyvinyl alcohol blends

Enhanced magnetic and dielectric properties of Eu and Co co-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles

Thermoplastic elastomers from rubber-plastic blends

Dielectric relaxation in polyaniline–polyvinyl alcohol composites