Sue C. Cleveland

TL;DR: Susceptibility to ASD has moderate genetic heritability and a substantial shared twin environmental component.

TL;DR: Perinatal factors associated with respiratory distress and other markers of hypoxia appear to increase risk for autism in a subgroup of twins, and future studies examining potential gender differences and additional prenatal, perinatal and postnatal environmental factors are required.

TL;DR: Structural brain measures, including cerebral and cerebellar gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume, surface area, and cortical thickness, were primarily influenced by genetic factors in TD twins; however, mean curvature appeared to be primary influenced by environmental factors.

TL;DR: Twins with ASD had thalamic abnormalities relative to controls/unaffected co‐twins, and neurometabolite levels were correlated with multiple symptom domains.

TL;DR: The prevalence rate of IF observed in this twin study was higher than rates previously reported in singleton studies, and the shared environment of twins – perhaps in utero – increases the risk of brain IF.