Flavonoids are phytochemical compounds present in many plants, fruits, vegetables, and leaves, with potential applications in medicinal chemistry. Flavonoids possess a number of medicinal benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. They also have neuroprotective and cardio-protective effects. These biological activities depend upon the type of flavonoid, its (possible) mode of action, and its bioavailability. These cost-effective medicinal components have significant biological activities, and their effectiveness has been proved for a variety of diseases. The most recent work is focused on their isolation, synthesis of their analogs, and their effects on human health using a variety of techniques and animal models. Thousands of flavonoids have been successfully isolated, and this number increases steadily. We have therefore made an effort to summarize the isolated flavonoids with useful activities in order to gain a better understanding of their effects on human health.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/22/5243/pdf

Important Flavonoids and Their Role as a Therapeutic Agent.

Quercetin (Que) and its derivatives are naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising bioactive effects. The antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-Alzheimer's, antiarthritic, cardiovascular, and wound-healing effects of Que have been extensively investigated, as well as its anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines has been recently reported. Que and its derivatives are found predominantly in the Western diet, and people might benefit from their protective effect just by taking them via diets or as a food supplement. Bioavailability-related drug-delivery systems of Que have also been markedly exploited, and Que nanoparticles appear as a promising platform to enhance their bioavailability. The present review aims to provide a brief overview of the therapeutic effects, new insights, and upcoming perspectives of Que.

Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin: New Insights and Perspectives for Human Health.

Quercetin is a flavonoid compound widely present in plants and exhibits a variety of biological activities. Research on quercetin has shown its potential for medical application. In this research, we elucidate its antioxidant mechanism and the broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiparasite properties; summarise its potential application in antioncology and cardiovascular protection and anti-immunosuppression treatment; and demonstrate its ability to alleviate the toxicity of mycotoxins. This research is expected to offer some insights and inspirations for the further study of quercetin, its properties, and the scientific basis for its better application in clinical practice.

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Quercetin: Its Main Pharmacological Activity and Potential Application in Clinical Medicine.

Ovarian cancer is known as a serious malignancy that affects women’s reproductive tract and can considerably threat their health. A wide range of molecular mechanisms and genetic modifications have been involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis making it difficult to develop effective therapeutic platforms. Hence, discovery and developing new therapeutic approaches are required. Medicinal plants, as a new source of drugs, could potentially be used alone or in combination with other medicines in the treatment of various cancers such as ovarian cancer. Among various natural compounds, quercetin has shown great anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In vitro and in vivo experiments have revealed that quercetin possesses a cytotoxic impact on ovarian cancer cells. Despite obtaining good results both in vitro and in vivo, few clinical studies have assessed the anti-cancer effects of quercetin particularly in the ovarian cancer. Therefore, it seems that further clinical studies may introduce quercetin as therapeutic agent alone or in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to the clinical setting. Here, we not only summarize the anti-cancer effects of quercetin but also highlight the therapeutic effects of quercetin in the ovarian cancer.

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Quercetin and cancer: new insights into its therapeutic effects on ovarian cancer cells.

Ovarian cancer is the main cause of death among all reproductive cancers in females. In 2018, ovarian cancer was the seventh most common cancer of women entire the world. A wide variety of molecular and genetic alterations as well as different response to therapies in the different types of ovarian cancer lead to problems in design a common therapeutic strategy. Besides, ovarian cancer cells have tendency to acquire resistance to common cancer treatments through multiple mechanisms. Various factors, including cytokines, growth factors, proteases, adhesion molecules, coagulation factors, hormones and apoptotic agents have been examined to find effective cancer treatment. Phytochemicals have been indicated to have great potential anti-cancer properties against various types of cancers. Quercetin is one of the phytochemicals that exists extensively in daily foods. Wide evidences revealed that quercetin is able to inhibit various types of cancers including breast, lung, nasopharyngeal, kidney, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. Several in vitro and in vivo studied conducted to evaluate cytotoxic effects of quercetin on ovarian cancer. Since quercetin does not harm healthy cells and it is cytotoxic to cancer cells via various mechanisms, researchers suggest that it could be an ideal agent for ovarian cancer treatment or an adjuvant agent in combination with other anti-cancer drugs. Thus, in this review, we focused on chemo-preventive and curative attitude of quercetin for ovarian cancer and summarize some of the most recent findings which regard the possible molecular mechanisms by which this natural compound inhibits this cancer.

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Quercetin: a natural compound for ovarian cancer treatment.

Quercetin inhibits human metastatic ovarian cancer cell growth and modulates components of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in PA-1 cell line.

Ameliorative effect of α-tocopherol on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) induced testicular Sertoli cell dysfunction in F1 prepuberal rats.


 Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a benign breast condition that increases the risk of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Clinically, not all DCIS will progress to IBC and the major drivers of progression are not well understood. The role of small extracellular vesicles, also known as exosomes, is well described in advanced cancers, however, little is known about their role in the invasive progression of in situ breast disease. In this study, we sought to evaluate the role of exosomes and their RNA contents in the progression of DCIS, using the MCF10 isogenic series, in vitro assays and the mouse intraductal model of breast cancer progression. We observed a significant increase of exosome loading of microRNAs (miRNAs) between normal and benign states that increased with each stage. We demonstrate that pro-invasive programs were attenuated when overall exosome and miRNA secretion was inhibited by Rab27A and Dicer knockdown, respectively. Comparisons of exosome miRNA expression changes revealed the greatest differential expression between in situ and invasive cells, with miR-205 being the most significantly different, suggesting a mechanistic role for exosome miRNAs in invasive progression. Modulation of miR-205 levels affected epithelial to mesenchymal transition and the invasive programs in vitro. Progression of DCIS in vivo resulted in increased levels of specific circulating exosome miRNAs, while inhibition of exosome secretion (Rab27A knockdown) attenuated invasive progression and reduced circulating levels of exosome miRNAs. These observations suggest that exosome miRNAs are differentially loaded and expressed, and promote the invasive progression of DCIS and that circulating exosome miRNAs are a potential source of biomarkers of the DCIS to invasive transition.
 Citation Format: Bethany Hannafon, Samrita Dogra, Sugantha Priya Elayapillai, James Lausen, Matthew Bruns, Fariba Behbod, Amy Gin, Chao Xu, Roy Zhang, Wei-Qun Ding. Exosome microRNAs are progressively altered and contribute to invasive progression of ductal carcinoma in situ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Rethinking DCIS: An Opportunity for Prevention?; 2022 Sep 8-11; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_1): Abstract nr B012.

Sugantha Priya Elayapillai

Papers

Quercetin inhibits human metastatic ovarian cancer cell growth and modulates components of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in PA-1 cell line.

Ameliorative effect of α-tocopherol on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) induced testicular Sertoli cell dysfunction in F1 prepuberal rats.

Abstract B012: Exosome microRNAs are progressively altered and contribute to invasive progression of ductal carcinoma in situ