Corals of the world

The idea of using computers in education has a fairly long history, but the role they play has changed over the years. Early uses often involved using a computer in an instructional capacity, effectively playing the role of the teacher transferring knowledge to an individual. Over time, common use has involved many more collaborative and online elements. The ability for students to work together and to receive quicker feedback from instructors in a classroom setting shows promise for improving the acquisition of knowledge. There are additional benefits that come with the ability to use the same technology outside of the classroom to maintain interaction with classmates and access to external educational resources. Apple tried to take advantage of the rapidly developing educational technology market in the late 1990s by introducing the eMate 300, but the technology was still too expensive to take off. The eMate was discontinued just one year after its release. The more recent One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project has, however, seen some success with its inexpensive XO-1 laptop. OLPC is targeting education, but is focused on developing nations and other underdeveloped regions. As the technology continues to get cheaper, such products will only become more accessible to those in need. —Finn Kuusisto their accounts restored or updated. This adds convenience to the customer who is no longer constrained by timing and distance, and reduces the costs of the network operators tasked with handling cash payments. This integration typifies the kinds of innovations that are set to bring about dramatic changes in the way businesses model themselves, while opening up immense new opportunities for entrepreneurs. Where Internet access is limited, such feature phone applications can do for developing countries what online payment methods did for the developing world. As FabFi seeks to expand, bringing WiFi connectivity to remote areas, the stage is indeed being set to channel the demonstrated innovative ability of higher bandwidth applications to address developing country needs—all served by open source ware and open source techniques. The impact could indeed be significant. My experience working with the DLab class and FabFi project has given me the opportunity to learn about extending advanced technologies using low cost techniques, and also to meet innovative young entrepreneurs implementing their visions, which has been a great inspiration. It is perhaps most interesting to see how engineering innovation from students in the U.S. can be combined with locallygrown innovation in Kenya to create new business models that can be exported globally. I hope educational programs such as these help foster stronger collaboration between engineering students, entrepreneurs, and ICT organizations around the world.

ICT for education

This review is dedicated to the antimicrobial metabolite-producing Pseudoalteromonas strains. The genus Pseudoalteromonas hosts 41 species, among which 16 are antimicrobial metabolite producers. To date, a total of 69 antimicrobial compounds belonging to 18 different families have been documented. They are classified into alkaloids, polyketides, and peptides. Finally as Pseudoalteromonas strains are frequently associated with macroorganisms, we can discuss the ecological significance of antimicrobial Pseudoalteromonas as part of the resident microbiota.

Spotlight on Antimicrobial Metabolites from the Marine Bacteria Pseudoalteromonas: Chemodiversity and Ecological Significance

The 2015–2016 El-Nino and related ocean warming has generated significant coral bleaching and mortality worldwide. In Indonesia, the first signs of bleaching were reported in April 2016. However, this El Nino has impacted Indonesian coral reefs since 2015 through a different process than temperature-induced bleaching. In September 2015, al-timetry data show that sea level was at its lowest in the past 12 years, affecting corals living in the bathymetric range exposed to unusual emersion. In March 2016, Bunaken Island (North Sulawesi) displayed up to 85 % mortality on reef flats dominated by Porites, Heliopora and Goniastrea corals with differential mortality rates by coral genus. Almost all reef flats showed evidence of mortality, representing 30 % of Bunaken reefs. For reef flat communities which were living at a depth close to the pre-El Nino mean low sea level, the fall induced substantial mortality likely by higher daily aerial exposure , at least during low tide periods. Altimetry data were used to map sea level fall throughout Indonesia, suggesting that similar mortality could be widespread for shallow reef flat communities, which accounts for a vast percent of the total extent of coral reefs in Indonesia. The altimetry historical records also suggest that such an event was not unique in the past two decades, therefore rapid sea level fall could be more important in the dynamics and resilience of Indonesian reef flat communities than previously thought. The clear link between mortality and sea level fall also calls for a refinement of the hierarchy of El Nino impacts and their consequences on coral reefs.

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Coral mortality induced by the 2015-2016 El-Niño in Indonesia: the effect of rapid sea level fall

Overexpression of Iris. lactea var. chinensis metallothionein llMT2a enhances cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

E545A is one of the point mutations, and its frequency is high in PIK3CA gene (3.8%), particularly breast cancer patients in Singapore (13.8%) and Mexico (11.5%). In addition to induce breast cancer, the mutation also caused resistance of anti-HER2 in HER2 cancer subtype. The tremendous effect of this mutation was not supported by affordable detection method. This study aimed to develop a feasible and sensitive method of E545A detection. The developing method used Tm and Ct to identify samples. Based on optimization, the best condition was obtained at optimization 2 at annealing temperature of 65°C. At this condition, Tm and Ct of each sample were (a) exon 9 (78.4°C and 13.005±0.007) and (b) E5454A (80.4°C and 10.07±0.1). This method also demonstrated good precision as observed in variance coefficient of intra and inter assay (0). Thus, method for E5454A detection mutation was successfully developed.

https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijbiotech/article/download/26815/16537

Method development for detection of E545A mutation PIK3CA gene in breast cancer patients using Tm Shift SYBR Green I qPCR

The integrability of traveling wave solution mappings can be obtained as reductions of the discrete generalized ΔΔ modified Korteweg-de Vries (ΔΔ-mKdV) equation. The properties of the integrable discrete dynamical system can be examined through the level set of integral function. In this paper, we show that the integral of a three dimensional traveling wave solution mapping derived from generalized ΔΔ-mKdV equation can be made in the normal form.

THE INTEGRAL NORMAL FORM OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTION MAPPING DERIVED FROM GENERALIZED ΔΔ-mKdV EQUATION

Antixenosis, anitibiosis, dan toleran adalah perwujudan sifat ketahanan tanaman terhadap hama. Ketiga sistem tersebut dapat bekerja secara bersama-sama atau secara tersendiri tergantung kepada jenis hama dan jenis tanaman. Ketiga sistem tersebut dapat diekspresikan dalam bentuk morfologi misalnya adanya trikoma yang panjang, kaku, rapat dengan struktur yang tidak beraturan, kulit permukaan daun, batang dan polong yang tebal dan keras. Secara kimiawi diwujudkan oleh adanya senyawa yang beracun, atau senyawa yang mempengaruhi perilaku serangga hama untuk menemukan inangnya. Pada tanaman kedelai dapat ditemukan berbagai karakter morfologi yang tersebar di seluruh permukaan daun, batang, dan polong yang beragam menurut varietas atau jenis kedelai. Karakter-karakter tersebut merupakan ciri fenotipik yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing jenis kedelai, dan karakter fenotipik tersebut terbukti mempunyai sumbangan yang sangat berarti bagi sistem pertahanan kedelai terhadap hama pemakan polong kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan kedelai terhadap hama pengisap polong Riptortus linearis dipengaruhi oleh ketebalan kulit polong dan kerapatan trikoma. Trikoma yang rapat dan panjang mengurangi banyaknya luka tusukan stilet pengisap polong. Banyaknya luka tusukan stilet pada biji galur-galur IAC-100, dan IAC-80-596-2 sejumlah 3–6 luka tusukan lebih rendah daripada luka tusukan stilet pada varietas Wilis yang menderita luka tusukan stilet lebih tinggi, yaitu 10–15 luka tusukan. Selain itu karakter trikoma tersebut juga berpengaruh terhadap preferensi peneluran hama penggerek polong Etiella zinckenella. Hubungan antara karakteristik trikoma polong dengan peneluran hama penggerek polong Etiella zinckenella menunjukkan bahwa peletakan telur dipengaruhi oleh adanya trikoma. Pada varietas Wilis dengan kerapatan trikoma 5–11/mm 2 , jumlah telur penggerek polong yang diletakkan/ tanaman mencapai 98,3 butir, sedangkan pada galur IAC-100 dan IAC-80-596-2 dengan kerapatan trikoma 15–20/mm 2 telur yang diletakkan berkisar antara 3–5 telur/tanaman. Hal ini juga tercermin dari kerusakan polong yang ditimbulkan. Berdasarkan hasil serangkaian penelitian ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa antixenosis terhadap hama pengisap dan penggerek polong kedelai terdapat pada galur IAC-100 dan IAC-80-596-2, yang selanjutnya dapat dipakai sebagai tetua untuk membentuk varietas tahan terhadap kedua hama tersebut.

https://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/bulpa/article/download/8587/7410

Antixenosis morfologis salah satu faktor ketahanan kedelai terhadap hama pemakan polong

Plantaricin is one of bacteriocins that have the potential to be used as food preservative. Plantaricin is safe for human consumption because it can be easily degraded by proteolytic enzymes. The objective of this study was to express and purify recombinant pre-mature peptide of plantaricin F from Lactobacillus plantarum S34 in Escherichia coli . Plantaricin gene-specific primer was used to obtain pln F structural gene amplicon from L. plantarum S34. This amplicon was cloned in pET32a vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Pre-mature plantaricin F peptide was expressed as Histagged-fusion protein and separated by Co2+-chelating affinity chromatography. L. plantarum S34-derived pre-mature plantaricin F peptide fused with thioredoxin-(His)6tag had successfully been expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS using pET32a as an expression vector. The fused recombinant pln F as pre-mature state expressed had a molecular mass of +24 kDa, meanwhile the fused recombinant that contained only the leader peptide of pln F appeared as +20 kDa based on SDS-PAGE separations. The optimal production of fused recombinant pln F as soluble fraction was obtained when culture condition was added with 0.5 mM of IPTG and incubated at 22°C for 5 hours (OD~1). Furthermore, the expression of fused recombinant pln F as its pre-mature peptide pointed out that the pln F’s leader peptide could be proteolytically cleaved by a system in heterologous cells. Overall, heterologous pln F production as pre-mature peptide fused with thioredoxin-(His)6tag had been well established. From this research, we expect plantaricin F can be expressed and purified in E. coli.

https://www.ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/ijas/article/download/2412/2094

Construction, Expression and Purification of Recombinant Pre-mature Peptide of Plantaricin F From Lactobacillus Plantarum S34 in Escherichia Coli

The main objective this research is to develop effective, valid, and practical students’ worksheet in the terms of students mathematical communication ability. The population of this research was the whole 10 th grade students in Senior High School 1 Bandar Lampung of the academic year 2016/2017. The development of students’ worksheet followed the procedure of Brog and Gall . Data collection techniques in this research used are validation expert , t he respons of students a nd mathematical communication ability test . The result showed that students’ worksheet with the model of problem based learning had been the requirement and eligibility based on the material and media expert assessment. The result showed that the developed students’ worksheet could improve the ability of students in communicating mathematically that can be seen from the result of the communication test and the achievement of the students. Based on the research, developed students’ worksheet with problem based learning had been the criteria of being valid, practical and effective in improving the mathematical communicative ability. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan LKPD yang valid, praktis, dan efektif ditinjau dari kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Bandar Lampung tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Pengembangan LKPD mengikuti prosedur Brog & Gall. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah validasi ahli, respon peserta didik dan tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD dengan model Problem Based Learning telah memenuhi syarat dan standar kelayakan berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, dan media. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa LKPD yang dikembangkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa dilihat dari pencapaian KKM dan tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, LKPD dengan model Problem Based Learning yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Kata kunci : Komunikasi Matematika, Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), Problem Based Learning

/pdf/pengembangan-lkpd-dengan-model-problem-based-learning-untuk-4rb09kf6xz.pdf

Suharsono Suharsono

Papers

Method development for detection of E545A mutation PIK3CA gene in breast cancer patients using Tm Shift SYBR Green I qPCR

THE INTEGRAL NORMAL FORM OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTION MAPPING DERIVED FROM GENERALIZED ΔΔ-mKdV EQUATION

Antixenosis morfologis salah satu faktor ketahanan kedelai terhadap hama pemakan polong

Construction, Expression and Purification of Recombinant Pre-mature Peptide of Plantaricin F From Lactobacillus Plantarum S34 in Escherichia Coli

Pengembangan LKPD dengan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa