https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1131&context=usdoepub

A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Technology, applications,and needs on fundamental research

介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology（化工技术百科全书）（第五版）电子图书网络版数据库，并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明，且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology数据库介绍及实例

Since the time of the industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO(2) concentration has risen by nearly 35 % to its current level of 383 ppm. The increased carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has been suggested to be a leading contributor to global climate change. To slow the increase, reductions in anthropogenic CO(2) emissions are necessary. Large emission point sources, such as fossil-fuel-based power generation facilities, are the first targets for these reductions. A benchmark, mature technology for the separation of dilute CO(2) from gas streams is via absorption with aqueous amines. However, the use of solid adsorbents is now being widely considered as an alternative, potentially less-energy-intensive separation technology. This Review describes the CO(2) adsorption behavior of several different classes of solid carbon dioxide adsorbents, including zeolites, activated carbons, calcium oxides, hydrotalcites, organic-inorganic hybrids, and metal-organic frameworks. These adsorbents are evaluated in terms of their equilibrium CO(2) capacities as well as other important parameters such as adsorption-desorption kinetics, operating windows, stability, and regenerability. The scope of currently available CO(2) adsorbents and their critical properties that will ultimately affect their incorporation into large-scale separation processes is presented.

Adsorbent Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture from Large Anthropogenic Point Sources

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon heat and power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and its technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 °C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we reflect on recent experience from the UK's CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the large-scale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.

/pdf/carbon-capture-and-storage-ccs-the-way-forward-11rgsqyer0.pdf

Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward

Advanced functional polymer membranes

http://www.yanfabu.com/resources/docdocscp/641/1370597201.pdf

Solid polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications¿a review

Separation of organic–organic mixtures by pervaporation—a review

Ionically cross-linked polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membranes of cationic chitosan (CS) and anionic poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) were synthesized and assessed for applicability in fuel cells. CS and PAAc were blended in different weight ratios and the resulting membranes were posttreated to enable the formation of the polyelectrolyte complex. The ionic cross-linking occurring on blending the polyelectrolytes excludes the need of using other cross-linking agents. These membranes were extensively characterized for morphology, their intermolecular interactions, thermal stability, and physicomechanical properties using SEM, FTIR, DSC, sorption studies, and tensile testing, respectively. Methanol permeability and proton conductivity were estimated and compared with respective values for Nafion 117. PEC membranes exhibited high ion exchange capacity (IEC), high proton conductivity, low methanol permeability, and adequate thermal and mechanical stability. Among the blends synthesized, the membrane blend with 50 wt...

Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Chitosan and Poly(acrylic acid) As Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Chitosan-sodium alginate polyion complexes as fuel cell membranes

Various technologies are now available to design engineers to condition raw natural gas to pipeline quality. Conditioning of natural gas involves the removal of acid gases like CO2 and H2S, besides water vapor. Among different separation methods available, membrane technology has emerged to be a viable and valuable option over conventional techniques like amine absorption, in view of its advantages such as economy, process safety and environmentally benign nature. Semi‐permeable membranes were first employed in natural gas processing for more than 20 years. However, the technological breakthrough in the application of polymeric membranes to natural gas separation accelerated with the development of asymmetric membranes, which retain their selective characteristics, but after increased permeation rates as compared to their dense counterparts. Efforts to correlate the basic polymer structure with permeability and selectivity have resulted in the synthesis of novel polymers. Membranes for natural ga...

Sundergopal Sridhar

Papers

Solid polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications¿a review

Separation of organic–organic mixtures by pervaporation—a review

Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Chitosan and Poly(acrylic acid) As Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Chitosan-sodium alginate polyion complexes as fuel cell membranes

Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Natural Gas Mixtures through Polymeric Membranes—A Review