Showing papers in "Journal of Membrane Science in 2004"

TL;DR: In this article, a series of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s (SPEEKs) were prepared by sulfonation of commercial Victrex ® and Gatone ® PEEK for a comparative study of proton exchange membranes (PEM) intended for fuel cell applications.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of pressure on the solubility, diffusivity, and permeability of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is reported at 35°C.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the current scientific, and technological factors that govern the field of application of membranes for separation of organic mixtures and discuss potential membrane materials for further research in this area.

TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental aspects of separations by pervaporation through zeolite membranes are reviewed, and examples of the selectivities and fluxes obtained are presented, including the effects of coverage, competitive adsorption, heat of adaption, molecular sizes, temperature, membrane structure, non-zeolite pores, concentration polarization and support resistance on transport and separations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the physiochemical properties of Nafion 115 and a composite membrane of Zirconium phosphate (∼25 ¼wt.%) and found that the composite membrane has a greater rigidity that accounts for its improved fuel cell performance.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) in place of traditional solvents for supported liquid membranes to take advantage of their unique properties, and reported CO 2 permeabilities of 350 barrers (for [Cl] − ) to 1000 barrers(for [Tf 2 N] − ), combined with CO 2 /N 2 ideal selectivities of 15 (for Cl) to 61 (for DCA) − ).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give an overview of the current use of membranes in the fractionation of milk and discuss recent developments in membrane technology, as well as their suitability in a fractionation process for milk.

TL;DR: The PVA/Sulfosuccinic acid (SSA)/silica hybrid polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/SiO 2 hybrid membranes containing sulfonic acid groups were fabricated from different SSA contents.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors revisited the formulation of the theory for pressure-driven processes where both solute and solvent transports occur exclusively by the solution-diffusion mechanism, and the results showed that the flux of solvent must reach a finite value as the pressure differential becomes very large.

TL;DR: In this article, Sulfonated aromatic poly(ether ether ketones) (S-PEEKs) based membranes have been evaluated for fuel cell applications by determining the degree of sulfonation, water swelling, proton conductivity, methanol diffusivity and thermal stability.

TL;DR: In this article, crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes were synthesized by varying the amount of sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) in order to achieve desirable proton conductive properties for fuel cell applications.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of three hydrophobic microporous membranes were evaluated under vacuum enhanced direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with a turbulent flow regime and with a feed water temperature of only 40°C.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of thermal annealing and covalent crosslinking are decoupled with respect to effects on permeabilities and selectivity for 6FDA-DAM:DABA 2:1 membranes.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for the preparation of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) based on cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketones) is reported.

TL;DR: In this article, continuous SAPO-34 membranes with low concentrations of non-zeolite pores were synthesized by in situ crystallization on porous stainless steel and α-Al2O3 supports.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the ability of RO membranes to retain neutral (uncharged) endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs).

TL;DR: In this article, the analysis of the design of spiral wound modules and arrays with a combination of experimental and numerical techniques can help to identify the optimal array arrangements, module geometry and spacer design for specific applications.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated factors affecting ultrasonic cleaning of particle-fouled ceramic membranes and possible mechanisms responsible for cleaning, and found that micro-jets did not appear to cause significant removal compared to microstreamers, although evidence of micro-jet pitting was visible in SEM images of the fouled surface.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of chitosan content on the water content and water vapor transmission rates on the blended hydrogel membrane were determined, and the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the crystalline area in PVA decreased after treatment with formaldehyde.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown theoretically and experimentally that if the flakes have a distribution of sizes, this reduced permeability could be compromised by the shorter diffusion paths in any region containing smaller flakes.

TL;DR: In this paper, Nafion/silicon oxide (SiO2)/phosphotungstic acid (PWA) composite membranes were studied for the H2/O2 proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operated above 100°C.

TL;DR: In this paper, polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were fabricated using methanol, ethanol, n -propanol as well as water as additives and N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent.

TL;DR: In this article, Nafion ® -based organic/inorganic composite membranes with different inorganic heteropolyacid (HPA) additives such as phosphotungstic acid, silicotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid and silicomolybdenum-based acid were investigated for high temperature (120°C) low relative humidity (35%) operation.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the molecular weight of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) in the casting solution on the morphology, water flux, and effect of hypochlorite treatment on PVP was investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a laboratory-scale membrane filtration cell was constructed to enable direct microscopic observation of microbial cell deposition and release in cross-flow microfiltration, and initial deposition rates determined from microscopic images were interpreted through an interaction force model.

TL;DR: Some significant information is reported showing the last progress realised in the knowledge of the phenomena which limit the performances of EMR, and openings towards new and more efficient systems are mentioned.

TL;DR: In this paper, transmission and attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra of Nafion((R)) membrane and the difference of absorption peaks between two modes are presented, attributed to the different chemical environments of surface and bulk.

TL;DR: An increase occurs in the rate of circulation in the pores which remain open, which may reach critical local filtration conditions, resulting in the formation of deposits which are reversible but induce an abrupt change in transmembrane pressure.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the methanol permeability of directly copolymerized 4,4′-biphenol based disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers.

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study on the reverse osmosis desalination of aqueous solutions using α-alumina-supported MFI-type zeolite membranes was conducted.