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Using Multivariate Statistics

City planning and population health: a global challenge

Participants are requested to register and obtain meeting badges at the registration counter, located on the ground floor, UNCC, from 08:30 hours to 09:00 hours on the event day. Participants who are not able to register during the time indicated above are requested to do so upon their arrival at UNCC before going to the conference room. Only the names of duly registered participants will be included in the list of participants.

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Economic and social commission for asia and the pacific

Most of previous research that investigates the connections between the travel and satisfaction with travel has focused on the effect of the travel characteristics (e.g. travel mode choice, travel time, level of service, etc.) on satisfaction with travel. Little research has explored the role of the built environment or travel attitudes, two important factors for transport policies. Using data from a recent survey conducted in Xi’an, China, this study aims to quantitatively explore the relative effects of the built environment, travel attitudes, and travel characteristics on commute satisfaction. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The model results suggest that commuting characteristics, including mode choice, congestion, and level of services of transit, all directly influence commute satisfaction. Attitudes have both direct and indirect effects on commute satisfaction, while the built environment only has indirect effects through influencing commuting characteristics.

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Satisfaction with the commute: The role of travel mode choice, built environment and attitudes

Measuring walkability for distinct pedestrian groups with a participatory assessment method: A case study in Lisbon

Despite interest in walking and its environmental, health, and social benefits, little research has investigated pedestrian satisfaction, and its potential influence on walking decisions. The present study examines the relationships between pedestrian satisfaction, and a variety of built environment factors, in order to gain insight into urban design strategies that can improve pedestrian satisfaction. We analyzed a pedestrian survey, carried out in Seoul, Korea, which includes questions about personal characteristics, micro-scale environmental attributes, and the level of pedestrian satisfaction, together with Seoul GIS data, which provided meso-scale environmental variables. The multilevel models estimated the effects of environmental factors on the level of satisfaction of utilitarian and recreational walkers. The analysis identified significant effects of both meso-scale (e.g. density, intersection density, hilliness, and the presence of bus stops), and micro-scale (e.g. sidewalk width, and the presence of bus dedicated lanes, crossings, lamps, and trees) variables on pedestrian satisfaction. The results calls on researchers to investigate a comprehensive set of psychological and environmental factors, in order to understand the various aspects of pedestrian satisfaction, and the diverse motivations behind it, as well as on planners, to adopt diverse design approaches that will produce more satisfactory pedestrian environments.

Meso- or micro-scale? Environmental factors influencing pedestrian satisfaction

Author(s): Park, Sungjin | Abstract: The major purpose of this research is to test the effects of street-level urban design attributes on travel behavior. There are two goals: (1) operationalizing path walkability, which includes developing a walkability measurement instrument and quantifying path walkability, and (2) testing the effect of path walkability on transit users’ access mode choice and walking distance to the station.A case study was conducted in the station area of Mountain View, California. In 2005, three different surveys were done. A station user survey was conducted by distributing self-administered, mail-back questionnaires to the entering transit users at the gates of the station. The user survey collected access mode choices, trip origins, and socio-economic data from 249 transit users who provided their routes. A walker perception survey was conducted with 68 transit users who walked to the station. This on-board survey asked them to score their walking routes. Based on the routes identified by both surveys, this research selected 270 street segments. For each segment, 30 street elements were measured by using a two-page survey instrument. The surveyed street data produced more than 40 path walkability indicators.The first part of this dissertation conducted a factor analysis with the path walkability indicators derived from the 249 surveyed routes, and found four path walkability factors: “sidewalk amenities,” “traffic impacts,” “street scale and enclosure,” and “landscaping elements.” With the four factor scores as new variables, a pair of logit analyses was conducted. All four path walkability variables significantly influence transit users’ mode choice decision – good walkability increases the transit users’ chance of walking over driving to the station. The second part created a composite walkability index based on the walker perception survey result. The walkability index was also tested in mode choice models, which confirmed that good path walkability increases the chance of walking. The third part conducted a regression analysis of transit users’ walking distance, and found that a traveler’s walking distance increased by more than 300 feet for every 0.5 increase in the composite walkability score. This research also found a donut-shaped critical walking zone, where walkability mattered more.

/pdf/defining-measuring-and-evaluating-path-walkability-and-3ja8xqgez7.pdf

Defining, Measuring, and Evaluating Path Walkability, and Testing Its Impacts on Transit Users’ Mode Choice and Walking Distance to the Station

To Walk or Not to Walk: Testing the Effect of Path Walkability on Transit Users' Access Mode Choices to the Station

Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) has become a popular urban planning approach to preventing crime and mitigating fear of crime through the improvement of physical neighborhood environments. CPTED is widely used to improve deteriorated neighborhoods that suffer from crime. However, few studies have empirically examined the complex relationships among CPTED, fear of crime, and active living. Our study, therefore, investigated the effects of CPTED measures on walking frequency and fear of crime, analyzing behavioral data of residents living in participatory neighborhood regeneration areas and matched neighborhoods. We analyzed survey data from 12 neighborhoods that implemented CPTED approaches and 12 matched neighborhoods in Seoul, Korea, using structural equation modeling, which could consistently estimate complex direct and indirect relationships between a latent variable (fear of crime) and observable variables (CPTED measures and walking frequency). We designed the survey instrument as a smartphone app. Participants were recruited from 102 locations within the 24 selected neighborhoods; in total, 623 individuals returned surveys. The results revealed that sufficient closed-circuit television, street lighting, and maintenance played a significant role in mitigating fear of crime. This study has implications for planning and policy issues related to CPTED, mental health, and active living.

Effect of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Measures on Active Living and Fear of Crime

This pilot study had two major research goals. The first goal was to develop a perception-based composite walkability index, with which researchers could evaluate the microlevel quality of the walking environment in an objective and systematic way. The second goal was to test the impact of microlevel walkability on mode choices, including walking as a travel option. For the development of a perception-based composite walkability index, a case study was conducted in the station area near the downtown of Mountain View, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Three surveys were conducted: a walker perception survey, a station user survey, and a street survey measuring microlevel walkability. A series of regression models was performed with the perception scores from surveyed transit users on the basis of their access trips to the station and with the objective microlevel walkability measured from their routes. The final outcome was a new formula for a composite walkability index. On the basis of the resul...

Sungjin Park

Papers

Meso- or micro-scale? Environmental factors influencing pedestrian satisfaction

Defining, Measuring, and Evaluating Path Walkability, and Testing Its Impacts on Transit Users’ Mode Choice and Walking Distance to the Station

To Walk or Not to Walk: Testing the Effect of Path Walkability on Transit Users' Access Mode Choices to the Station

Effect of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) Measures on Active Living and Fear of Crime

Perception-Based Walkability Index to Test Impact of Microlevel Walkability on Sustainable Mode Choice Decisions