Structure and nanostructure in ionic liquids.

The thermal and physicochemical properties of protic ionic liquids (PILs) are reported. It is highly evident that there has been an extensive range of alkylammonium, imidazolium, and heterocyclic cations paired with many organic and inorganic anions that have been employed to prepare PILs. There has been strong interest in modifying the properties of PILs through the addition of water or other molecular solvents. For many applications, the presence of some water in the PILs is not detrimental, and instead leads to enhanced solvent properties such as lower viscosity, higher conductivities, and lower melting points. It remains an issue of definition though of how to refer to these resulting protic solutions. There is also an ongoing difficulty surrounding how to describe the proton activity in the PILs, analogous to pH in aqueous systems. For a broad range of applications, it has been reported that the acidity/basicity of the PIL or PIL-solvent system is crucial for their beneficial properties. It is expected that the fundamental properties of PILs will continue to be explored, along with continued interest in many existing and new applications, such as in electrochemistry, organic and inorganic synthesis, and biological applications. In particular, there has been a significant interest in a broad- range of PILs for use as electrolytes and incorporation in polymer electrolytes for fuel cells, and other energy storage devices.

Protic Ionic Liquids: Evolving Structure–Property Relationships and Expanding Applications

2.5. Ionic Liquids Presented in This Review 2020 3. Cyclocondensation Reactions 2020 4. Synthesis of Three-Membered Heterocycles 2022 4.1. Aziridines 2022 5. Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles 2022 5.1. Pyrroles 2022 5.2. Furans 2022 5.3. Thiophenes 2023 5.4. Pyrazoles 2024 5.5. Imidazoles 2025 5.6. Isoxazoles 2027 5.7. Oxazoles, Oxazolines, and Oxazolidinones 2027 5.8. Thiazoles and Thiazolidinones 2028 6. Synthesis of Six-Membered Heterocycles 2030 6.1. Pyridines 2030 6.2. Quinolines 2031 6.3. Acridines 2033 6.4. Pyrans 2033 6.5. Flavones 2035 6.6. Pyrimidines and Pyrimidinones 2035 6.7. Quinazolines 2037 6.8. -Carbolines 2038 6.9. Dioxanes 2039 6.10. Oxazines 2039 6.11. Benzothiazines 2040 6.12. Triazines 2040 7. Synthesis of Seven-Membered Heterocycles: Diazepines 2041

Ionic liquids in heterocyclic synthesis.

6.1. Oxadiazoles 4154 6.2. Diazaphospholes 4154 7. Six-Membered Heterocycles with One Heteroatom 4155 7.1. Pyridines 4155 7.2. Pyridinones 4155 7.3. Quinolines 4156 7.4. Quinolinones 4157 7.5. Isoquinolines 4157 7.6. Acridines 4158 7.7. Pyranones 4158 7.8. Flavones 4159 8. Six-Membered Heterocycles with Two Heteroatoms 4159 8.1. Pyridazinones 4159 8.2. Pyrimidines 4159 8.3. Pyrimidinones 4160 8.4. Quinazolines 4162 8.5. Quinazolinones 4162 8.6. Quinoxalines 4164 8.7. Quinoxalinediones 4165 8.8. Oxazines 4165 8.9. Oxazinones 4166 8.10. Thiazines 4166 9. Six-Membered Heterocycles with Three Heteroatoms 4166

Solvent-free heterocyclic synthesis.

Metal-Free Multicomponent Syntheses of Pyridines

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives at room temperature using molecular iodine as the catalyst

A high yielding and fast method for the smooth conversion of substituted 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)3-phenyl-1,3-propane diones to the corresponding 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-ones under microwave irradiations using ionic liquid [EtNH3]NO3 is reported.

A facile synthesis of flavones using recyclable ionic liquid under microwave irradiation

Molecular iodine has acquired an important role in organic synthesis due to its unique and powerful feature to catalyze organic transformations on account of its mild Lewis acidic character. The current review enlightens the versatile nature of the catalyst for nu- merous organic strategies including the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds, iodination, protection- deprotection of functional groups etc.

Molecular Iodine: An Efficient and Versatile Reagent for Organic Synthesis

Chalcones on condensation with malononitrile and ammonium acetate in the presence of ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate affords the corresponding 2-amino-4, 6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile in excellent yield. The ionic liquid is recycled and reused several times.

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile using ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate

A smooth conversion of substituted 1-(2-hydroxy phenyl)-3-phenyl-1,3-propane diones to flavones has been done using n-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid.

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Swapnil R. Sarda

Papers

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives at room temperature using molecular iodine as the catalyst

A facile synthesis of flavones using recyclable ionic liquid under microwave irradiation

Molecular Iodine: An Efficient and Versatile Reagent for Organic Synthesis

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile using ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate

Ionic liquid promoted expeditious synthesis of flavones