Recent advances in acoustic wave biosensors for the detection of disease-related biomarkers: A review.

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Measurements of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels after Vaccination Using a SH-SAW Biosensor

The past few decades have witnessed the ultra-fast development of wireless telecommunication systems, such as mobile communication, global positioning, and data transmission systems. In these applications, radio frequency (RF) acoustic devices, such as bulk acoustic waves (BAW) and surface acoustic waves (SAW) devices, play an important role. As the integration technology of BAW and SAW devices is becoming more mature day by day, their application in the physical and biochemical sensing and actuating fields has also gradually expanded. This has led to a profusion of associated literature, and this article particularly aims to help young professionals and students obtain a comprehensive overview of such acoustic technologies. In this perspective, we report and discuss the key basic principles of SAW and BAW devices and their typical geometries and electrical characterization methodology. Regarding BAW devices, we give particular attention to film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs), due to their advantages in terms of high frequency operation and integrability. Examples illustrating their application as RF filters, physical sensors and actuators, and biochemical sensors are presented. We then discuss recent promising studies that pave the way for the exploitation of these elastic wave devices for new applications that fit into current challenges, especially in quantum acoustics (single-electron probe/control and coherent coupling between magnons and phonons) or in other fields.

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Trends and Applications of Surface and Bulk Acoustic Wave Devices: A Review

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108096

Design and simulation of a millifluidic device for differential detection of SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 based on triboelectricity

Background: We aimed to analyze clinical characteristics and find potential factors to predict poor prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: We analyzed the clinical characteristics and laboratory tests of COVID-19 patients and detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine sediments collected from 53 COVID-19 patients enrolled in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 31 January 2020 to 18 February 2020 with qRT-PCR analysis. Then, we classified those patients based on clinical conditions (severe or non-severe syndrome) and urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA (URNA− or URNA+). Results: We found that COVID-19 patients with severe syndrome (severe patients) showed significantly higher positive rate (11 of 23, 47.8%) of urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA than non-severe patients (4 of 30, 13.3%, p = 0.006). URNA+ patients or severe URNA+ subgroup exhibited higher prevalence of inflammation and immune discord, cardiovascular diseases, liver damage and renal dysfunction, and higher risk of death than URNA− patients. To understand the potential mechanisms underlying the viral urine shedding, we performed renal histopathological analysis on postmortems of patients with COVID-19 and found severe renal vascular endothelium lesion characterized by an increase of the expression of thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor, markers to assess the endothelium dysfunction. We proposed a theoretical and mathematic model to depict the potential factors that determine the urine shedding of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: This study indicated that urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in urine specimens can be used to predict the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 severity.

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Urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA is An Indicator For The Progression and Prognosis of COVID-19 Disease

Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, many methods have been used to detect antigens or antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including viral culture, nucleic acid test, and immunoassay. The shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) biosensor is a novel pathogen detection platform with the advantages of high sensitivity and short detection time. The objective of this study is to develop a SH-SAW biosensor to detect the anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody. The rabbit sera collected from rabbits on different days after SARS-CoV-2 N protein injection were evaluated by SH-SAW biosensor and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the SH-SAW biosensor achieved a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.9997) with different concentrations (34.375–1100 ng/mL) of the “spike-in” anti-N protein antibodies. Compared to ELISA, the SH-SAW biosensor has better sensitivity and can detect anti-N protein IgG signals earlier than ELISA on day 6 (p < 0.05). Overall, in this study, we demonstrated that the SH-SAW biosensor is a promising platform for rapid in vitro diagnostic (IVD) testing, especially for antigen or antibody testing.

A Novel Rapid Test to Detect Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N Protein IgG Based on Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW)

This report introduces potentials of shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) biosensor in point-of-care-testing (POCT) applications. In realizing POCT devices, SH-SAW biosensor has many technical features which enables a simple structure to reduce device costs and an easy operation to reduce workloads. In order to demonstrate SH-SAW biosensor performances, experimental results measured actual donor whole-bloods which is collected at a hospital and contain useful-clinical biomarker are described. The results show excellent correlation with standard analyzer which is used in hospital laboratory. This result suggests that SH-SAW biosensor has strong potential in POCT application.

Evaluation of SH-SAW Biosensor in Whole Blood

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Szu-Heng Liu

Papers

A Novel Rapid Test to Detect Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N Protein IgG Based on Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW)

Measurements of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels after Vaccination Using a SH-SAW Biosensor

Evaluation of SH-SAW Biosensor in Whole Blood

Application of Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW) Immunosensor in Point-of-Care Diagnosis