Effect of impact angle and velocity on erosion of API X42 pipeline steel under high abrasive feed rate

Effect of particle size on erosion characteristics

The design of the appropriate material system for a given tribological application must be guided by an accurate understanding of the degradation mechanisms and the surface response to loading and deformation. In this review article, a detailed overview of the material loss mechanisms during solid particle erosion (SPE) which occurs when hard particles are entrained by an air flow and impact exposed surfaces will be presented. In the first part of the paper, several methodological considerations essential for the assessment of multi-parameter correlations necessary for the accurate interpretation of SPE data will be discussed. Then, the ductile and brittle SPE mechanisms, the transitions between these different material removal processes and the effect of particle properties on overall erosion behavior will be examined. Finally, in the last section of the paper, the various coating material systems proposed in the literature for protection against SPE are reviewed with a focus on the two main categories of TiN-based and carbon-based coatings. Concluding this review is a discussion on the effects of coating system microstructure and architecture on the SPE mechanisms of vapor deposited coatings. It will be shown that to significantly impact the future technological development of SPE protective coatings, novel highly resolved characterization methodologies need to be developed and employed.

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Solid particle erosion mechanisms of protective coatings for aerospace applications

Abrasive jet machining (AJM) is a manufacturing technology based on erosion localization and intensification AJM has a progressively important influence on the machining technology market Over the past 20 years, there has been an exponential growth in the number of papers that discuss AJM Various innovations and process developments such as intermittent, submerged, thermally assisted and other jet conditions were proposed This paper examines AJM’s technological advantages and the variety of machining operations in different industries where AJM is utilized Particular attention is devoted to the micro-texturing capabilities of powder blasting and its application in tribology New evidence of ductile and brittle material removal mechanisms are reviewed together with recently discovered elastic removal mode The effects of hydraulic, abrasive and machining parameters on particles kinetic energy, machined surface roughness and footprint size are described in detail Nozzle wear has a strong dependence on nozzle materials, its geometry, particles size, hardness, and flow rate The trend of AJM development is a shift from macro to micro scale Improvements in micro-machining resolution, process controlling and erosion prediction are current challenges facing AJM

Recent advances and challenges of abrasive jet machining

Characteristics of abrasive slurry jet micro-machining: A comparison with abrasive air jet micro-machining

Surface evolution models in abrasive jet micromachining

The time-dependent evolution of an abrasive jet micro-machined surface is described by a partial differential equation which is difficult to solve using traditional analytical or numerical techniques. As a result, traditional surface advancement models can give incorrect predicted profile depths. In this work, level set methods were used to develop novel models of the abrasive jet machined surface evolution of unmasked and masked channels and holes in glass and polymethylmethacrylate. The level set-predicted eroded profiles were compared to those experimentally obtained, as well as to those predicted by existing analytical and computer models. For the majority of cases, the level set-predicted surface advancement was closer to the measured profiles than those predicted by existing analytical and computer models. The work demonstrates the potential of the level set methodology as a generally applicable tool for the prediction of abrasive jet machined surface profiles, and provides a foundation for future simulation of more complex abrasive jet micro-machining operations.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0960-1317/20/8/085004/pdf

Level set methods for the modelling of surface evolution in the abrasive jet micromachining of features used in MEMS and microfluidic devices

Novel experimental techniques for obtaining the particle spatial distribution and the velocity distribution across a micro-abrasive jet were presented and tested. The spatial distribution of particles within the jet was found by using a direct particle capture technique, and was found to depend on the nozzle diameter, following either a Weibull or a piecewise Weibull distribution. In general, the jet was found to be more focused when more particles were present across the nozzle opening. It was demonstrated how the measured particle spatial distribution could be used with a measurement of the eroded profile to extract an estimate of the non-dimensional particle velocity distribution within the jet. Using this technique, a linear or nonlinear velocity distribution was obtained, depending on the particle type and the nozzle diameter used. The results for the velocity distribution were compared to particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) results and were found to be within the acceptable measurement error ranges.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/22/2/025104/pdf

T. Burzynski

Papers

Surface evolution models in abrasive jet micromachining

Level set methods for the modelling of surface evolution in the abrasive jet micromachining of features used in MEMS and microfluidic devices

Measurement of the particle spatial and velocity distributions in micro-abrasive jets

Analytical models of the interference between incident and rebounding particles within an abrasive jet: Comparison with computer simulation

Analytical model of particle interference effects in divergent erosive jets