This document describes how to build PPP sessions and encapsulate PPP
packets over Ethernet. This memo provides information for the Internet
community.

Extensions to a Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE)

Embodiments are directed to data verification of business or consumer data. Certain embodiments include a data verification system that receives or selects data to be verified, selects one or more verification methods to verify, update, and/or append/enhance the data. The data verification system may verify the data with one or more data verification methods, either alone or in combination. The methods may include a web-crawling verification method, an agent web verification method, a call verification method, a direct mail method, an email method, an in-person verification method, or other methods. The system has the ability to, automatically or manually, (1) blend automatic and manual segmentation of records or elements by criteria such as industry type, best times of day/month/year to verify, update, or append, cost, and level of importance (2) select the best verification processing method(s), and (3) manage the results and properly verify, update, append/enhance records.

Systems and methods for data verification

The communication in the Smart Home Internet of Things (SH-IoT) comprising various electronic devices and sensors is very sensitive and crucial In addition, the key requirements of the SH-IoT include channel security, handover support, mobility management, and consistent data rates Proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is considered as one of the core solutions to handle extreme mobility; however, the default PMIPv6 cannot ensure performance enhancement in SH-IoT scenarios, ie, Route Optimization (RO) The existing security protocols for PMIPv6 cannot support secure RO for smart home IoT services, where mobile nodes (MNs) communicate with home IoT devices not belonging to their domain Motivated by this, a secure protocol is proposed, which uses trust between PMIPv6 domain and smart home to ensure security as well as performance over the path between MNs and home IoT devices The proposed protocol includes steps for secure RO and handover management, where mutual authentication, key exchange, perfect forward secrecy, and privacy are supported The correctness of the proposed protocol is formally analyzed using BAN-logic and Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) Furthermore, network simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance efficiency of the proposed protocol The results show that the proposed approach is capable of providing secure transmission by resolving the RO problem in PMIPv6 along with the reduction in handover latency, end to end delay and packet loss, and enhancement in throughput and transmission rate even during the handover phase

Secure and Efficient Protocol for Route Optimization in PMIPv6-Based Smart Home IoT Networks

Embodiments described herein provide systems and methods to streamline the mechanism by which data users access differently regulated data through the use of one or more integrated identifiers. The integrated identifiers lessen or eliminate the need to separately maintain one set of identifiers for regulated data and another set for non-regulated data. The methods and systems may be applicable in various credit and healthcare contexts where regulations over data use are prevalent. In one or more embodiments, a data user receives a unique integrated identifier for each of the data user's current or prospective customers, and the integrated identifiers can be used to persistently identify and track the customers over time and across applications that access regulated and/or non-regulated data. In the healthcare context, a healthcare provider may utilize a patient ID as the integrated identifier. To protect privacy, the integrated identifier may not include social security numbers or birthdates.

Systems and methods for providing an integrated identifier

Systems and methods for verifying data including income and employment, assets, healthcare claims, clinical data, and other types of data subject to various regulatory and/or privacy restrictions.

Seamless mobility support in a heterogeneous roaming environment poses several challenging issues in the choice of network architecture design and mobility protocol. Several standards organizations are designing next generation wireless network architectures with a suite of new network elements and protocols that provide service continuity for intra-and inter-provider roaming. However, each of these mobility solutions provides its own set of signaling mechanisms and methods of interaction with different functional network elements. Thus, it becomes a challenging task for the network operators and service providers to support roaming to the visited networks with diverse capabilities while supporting service continuity. In this paper, we first highlight some of the next generation standards and then describe the main functional components of a generic next generation wireless architecture as described in several evolving standards. We then focus on the operational usage of network layer mobility protocols such as Client Mobile IP, Proxy Mobile IP and application layer mobility protocol for next generation networks, and address the operational issues associated with roaming and service continuity. Finally, we propose comprehensive mobility solutions that support the heterogeneity associated with the intra-and inter-provider roaming.

http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~dutta/research/ngi-2007-final.pdf

Mobility Management Schemes for Heterogeneity Support in Next Generation Wireless Networks

In an effort to provide seamless mobility support in IMS/MMD networks, operators need to choose a specific IP- based mobility protocol. However, there are several micro- and macro-mobility protocols available that the operators can choose from. Operators often face the challenges of selecting the appropriate mobility protocol that can provide the most cost efficient solution under a specific operating environment. Thus, it is important to analyze the effectiveness of these protocols before they are actually deployed in the IMS/MMD networks. In this paper, we analyze a number of candidate mobility protocols and conduct a performance analysis of some of these using a prototype implementation in an IPv6-based IMS/MMD testbed. These analyses provide us with some guidelines in terms of the applicability of these protocols when operators plan to deploy their IMS/MMD networks.

/pdf/performance-analysis-of-next-generation-mobility-protocols-ixbjhpsbuv.pdf

Performance Analysis of Next Generation Mobility Protocols for IMS/MMD Networks

Localized mobility protocols are designed to address many of the drawbacks such as additional signaling and over-the-air tunnel overhead associated with global mobility protocols like Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6. Proxy Mobile IPv6 is one such network controlled localized protocol defined in the IETF Although Proxy Mobile IPv6 can resolve longer binding update and tunnel overhead related issues when a mobile node's movement is confined to a specific domain, some of the handoff-related functions and data paths between two communicating nodes still need to be optimized. The data path reduction between the communicating nodes helps to reduce one way packet delay when both nodes are under the same localized domain and the local mobility anchor point is away. The process of reducing the data path is often referred to as route optimization. Route optimization helps to reduce the delay due to media delivery that is critical for real-time application. We propose several route optimization techniques that can be applied to Proxy Mobile IPv6 to improve the efficiency of media delivery for both intra- and inter-domain movements. We select one of these proposed route optimization mechanisms and then describe the implementation details and analyze the experimental results.

/pdf/route-optimization-for-proxy-mobile-ipv6-in-ims-network-1b9s3ithih.pdf

Route optimization for Proxy Mobile IPv6 in IMS network

Advances to IMS (A-IMS) architecture extends the existing IMS/MMD architecture currently being defined in 3GPP/3GPP2 respectively so that it can support both SIP and non-SIP-based services. We describe the key strength of A-IMS architecture, compare the benefits over MMD architecture, and then describe an enhanced MMD experimental testbed to demonstrate many of the A-IMS features. We highlight many of the functional components of the testbed that perform several operations such as signaling, location management, security, and mobility. We experiment with two different mobility management techniques and analyze the associated delays and packet loss for both 802.11 networks and PPP networks. We illustrate the service interaction between SIP-based services such as VoIP and non-SIP-based services such as IPTV. Analysis from these experimental results and testbed implementation can be useful to any service provider that plans to deploy IMS/MMD architecture over IPv6.

A-IMS architecture analysis and experimental IPv6 testbed

Real-time services such as VoIP and multimedia streaming are affected during a mobile's rapid handoff due to the associated delay resulting from associated handoff operations of discovery, detection, configuration, registration, media redirection, and processing at different network nodes. Redundant communication path of any signaling and media adds to the delay during session setup and media delivery. This paper highlights the overall problem associated with redundant routing in a 3GPP2-based MMD (multimedia domain) environment and proposes several mechanisms to mitigate these problems. We also compare these mechanisms and select one for existing IMS/MMD networks that use MIPv4 as the mobility protocol. We present the implementation details of the selected redundant routing mitigation technique in the experimental MMD environment and verify the effectiveness by analyzing the measurement results.

T. Chiba

Papers

Mobility Management Schemes for Heterogeneity Support in Next Generation Wireless Networks

Performance Analysis of Next Generation Mobility Protocols for IMS/MMD Networks

Route optimization for Proxy Mobile IPv6 in IMS network

A-IMS architecture analysis and experimental IPv6 testbed

Trombone Routing Mitigation Techniques for IMS/MMD Networks