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American Society for Testing and Materials

Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology

Discrete particle simulation of particulate systems: A review of major applications and findings


 The spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components (H/V ratio) of microtremors measured at the ground surface has been used to estimate fundamental periods and amplification factors of a site, although this technique lacks theoretical background. The aim of this article is to formulate the H/V technique in terms of the characteristics of Rayleigh and Love waves, and to contribute to improve the technique. The improvement includes use of not only peaks but also troughs in the H/V ratio for reliable estimation of the period and use of a newly proposed smoothing function for better estimation of the amplification factor. The formulation leads to a simple formula for the amplification factor expressed with the H/V ratio. With microtremor data measured at 546 junior high schools in 23 wards of Tokyo, the improved technique is applied to mapping site periods and amplification factors in the area.

Ground Motion Characteristics Estimated from Spectral Ratio between Horizontal and Verticcl Components of Mietremors.

A review of the recent advances on the treatment of industrial wastewaters by Sulfate Radical-based Advanced Oxidation Processes (SR-AOPs)

The most important seismic hazard parameters required to demarcate seismic zones are the peak horizontal acceleration (PHA) and spectral acceleration (SA). The two approaches for evaluation of seismic hazard are the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and the deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA). The present study evaluates the seismic hazard of the South Indian Peninsular region based on the DSHA methodology. In order to consider the epistemic uncertainties in a better manner, a logic tree approach was adopted in the evaluation of seismic hazard. Two types of seismic sources and three different attenuation relations were used in the analysis. The spatial variation of PHA (mean and 84th percentile values) and SA values for 1 Hz and 10 Hz at bedrock level (84th percentile values) for the entire study area were evaluated and the results are presented here. The surface level peak ground acceleration (PGA) values will be different from that of the bedrock level values due to the local site condition...

Multiple source and attenuation relationships for evaluation of deterministic seismic hazard: logic tree approach considering local site effects

Earthquakes are known to have occurred in India from ancient times. More than 50 % of the country is vulnerable to earthquakes and it has a coastline of 7,517 km, which implies towards high risk of seismic hazards like liquefaction. Seismic liquefaction is the process by which saturated, unconsolidated soil or sand is converted into a suspension during an earthquake and its effect on structures and buildings can be devastating. In the present study, an attempt has been made to predict the liquefaction susceptibility of India based on corrected SPT values required to prevent the liquefaction for given return periods. The evaluation of liquefaction potential requires the calculation of two parameters, seismic loading and the soil resistance. In order to consider the worst scenario for liquefaction, the water table was assumed at the ground surface. In most of the studies, the seismic loading will be evaluated based on probabilistic methods and the evaluation of soil resistance will be done based on deterministic analysis. In this study an attempt was made to predict the corrected SPT values required to prevent the liquefaction, using probabilistic performance based approach. The contour curves showing the spatial variation of SPT values required to prevent the liquefaction at 3 m depth, for return periods of 475 and 2,500 years are presented in the paper.

Probabilistic Liquefaction Potential Evaluation for India and Adjoining Areas

Comparison of failure criteria for jointed rock masses

The purpose of this study is to develop a geostastistical model based on ordinary and disjunctive kriging techniques to estimate spatial variability of SPT (N) data in the three-dimensional subsurface of Bangalore. The database consists of 766 boreholes spread over a 220 sq km area, with several N values in each of them. The analysis has been done for corrected SPT (Nc) value. Ordinary kriging produces a linear estimator, whereas disjunctive kriging produces a nonlinear estimator. Knowledge of the semivariogram of the SPT data is used in the kriging theory to estimate the values at points in the subsurface of Bangalore where field measurements are not available. The capability of disjunctive kriging to be a nonlinear estimator and an estimator of conditional probability is explored. A cross-validation (Q1 and Q2) analysis is also done for the developed ordinary and disjunctive kriging models. For the data sets used in this study, disjunctive kriging has shown to be a better estimator than ordinary kriging...

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Spatial variability of SPT data using ordinary and disjunctive kriging

In this paper we are measuring the performance of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) specifically aiming at premium bus services of BMTC operating in Bangalore city. The performance measurement of premium bus services is done using two different approaches. Ratios were computed considering different operational and financial indicators and these ratios are benchmarked by considering the best performing units as the target to compare the bus depots performance. Further we studied the performance of bus depots using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Our analysis indicated that most of the depots are efficient where as depot 13 have significant opportunities for improvements. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

T. G. Sitharam

Papers

Multiple source and attenuation relationships for evaluation of deterministic seismic hazard: logic tree approach considering local site effects

Probabilistic Liquefaction Potential Evaluation for India and Adjoining Areas

Comparison of failure criteria for jointed rock masses

Spatial variability of SPT data using ordinary and disjunctive kriging

Performance Evaluation of Premium Services in Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC)