Drug-loaded polymeric micelles with a diameter of 30 nm can penetrate poorly permeable tumours to achieve an antitumour effect.

Accumulation of sub-100 nm polymeric micelles in poorly permeable tumours depends on size

This tutorial review provides an outlook on nanomaterials that are currently being used for theranostic purposes, with a special focus on mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) based materials. MSNPs with large surface area and pore volume can serve as efficient carriers for various therapeutic agents. The functionalization of MSNPs with molecular, supramolecular or polymer moieties, provides the material with great versatility while performing drug delivery tasks, which makes the delivery process highly controllable. This emerging area at the interface of chemistry and the life sciences offers a broad palette of opportunities for researchers with interests ranging from sol–gel science, the fabrication of nanomaterials, supramolecular chemistry, controllable drug delivery and targeted theranostics in biology and medicine.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in biomedical applications

Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: challenges, opportunities, and clinical applications.

Nanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology to medicine, enabled the development of nanoparticle therapeutic carriers. These drug carriers are passively targeted to tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention effect, so they are ideally suited for the delivery of chemotherapeutics in cancer treatment. Indeed, advances in nanomedicine have rapidly translated into clinical practice. To date, there are five clinically approved nanoparticle chemotherapeutics for cancer and many more under clinical investigation. In this review, we discuss the various nanoparticle drug delivery platforms and the important concepts involved in nanoparticle drug delivery. We also review the clinical data on the approved nanoparticle therapeutics as well as the nanotherapeutics under clinical investigation.

Nanoparticle Delivery of Cancer Drugs

Targeted delivery combined with controlled drug release has a pivotal role in the future of personalized medicine. This review covers the principles, advantages, and drawbacks of passive and active targeting based on various polymer and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle carriers with drug attached by both covalent and noncovalent pathways. Attention is devoted to the tailored conjugation of targeting ligands (e.g., enzymes, antibodies, peptides) to drug carrier systems. Similarly, the approaches toward controlled drug release are discussed. Various polymer–drug conjugates based, for example, on polyethylene glycol (PEG), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), polymeric micelles, and nanoparticle carriers are explored with respect to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME scheme) of administrated drug. Design and structure of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) and condensed magnetic clusters are classified according to the mechanism of noncovalent drug loading involving...

Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies.

A Phase I clinical study of cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles (NC-6004) in patients with solid tumours

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T. Nishiya

Papers

A Phase I clinical study of cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles (NC-6004) in patients with solid tumours