Tadasu Tsukizoe

TL;DR: In this paper, the geometric shapes of the scratched groove were examined in detail and a comparison of the friction force with these was made, and the results of the scratch tests show that the theory is very useful for the derivation of friction force.

Abstract: An ion‐beam‐plating apparatus controlled by mass spectrometry was developed to study the fundamentals of ion plating. A decelerating lens system was fitted to the apparatus and the deposition was carried out at ion energies from 30 to 300 eV. By the elimination of contaminant ions and neutrals and making the kinetic energy of incident ion‐beam constant the fundamental deposition mechanism can be discussed. A high‐voltage transmission electron microscope at 2000 kV was employed for examining ion‐beam‐induced dislocations in single‐crystal substrates of aluminum and the growth of ion‐beam‐plated films. The effects of kinetic energy and substrate orientation are discussed. It was found that the higher the ion energy, the higher the dislocation density. A high density of dislocation was observed on the close‐packed plane, i.e., (111) of an aluminum single crystal. Stainless steel was also used as a substrate. In this case, a twin deformation was found. The high‐voltage transmission electron microscope provided an observation of both growth of film and substrate structure. Coalescence of particles and island formation were observed. Depth profiling was obtained by performing argon ion sputtering at 3 keV while using a secondary ion mass spectrometer and an Auger electron spectrometer for analyzing interfacial composition. When the kinetic energy of the depositing ion is high or when the closepacked plane is chosen as a substrate, the diffused layer was found to be deep. This result corresponds well with the density of dislocation observed by transmission electron microscope. Argon ion sputter cleaning before deposition was found to increase the depth of the diffused layer. These results may indicate the transport of ions through dislocation cores, which were produced by argon ion bombardment.

Abstract: The shape and the size of a scratched groove formed on metal surface by a single point slider, such as a cone and a sphere, have been measured in order to obtain an information for evaluating the friction force in scratching process. A special viewpoint of this study is to know the magnitude of the height of a raised ridge formed around the slider. The heights of front and side ridges were examined precisely on the scratched groove, and the effects of the cone angle and the radius of sphere on the ridge heights were well discussed. It was found that the change in shape of the slider due to metallic transfer would have an effect on the change of the ridge height. Furthermore, it became clear that the friction force increased with increasing the height of front ridge and the groove depth.