Evolution of Oxygen-Vacancy Ordered Crystal Structures in the Perovskite Series SrnFenO3n−1 (n=2, 4, 8, and ∞), and the Relationship to Electronic and Magnetic Properties

Synthesis and characterization of Mo-doped SrFeO3−δ as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells

We have prepared single-crystalline films of BaFeO3, which may contain high valent Fe4+ ions, on (100) SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser-beam deposition. The reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns for the films apparently show a C4 symmetry operation, suggesting that the sample had a pseudocubic perovskite structure rather than hexagonal unit cell. The films were found to be highly insulating, and showed a high value of dielectric constant of e=59. At 300 K, the magnetization loop of the film apparently shows hysteresis, as well as small remanent magnetization. These characteristics are totally different from those of bulk BaFeO3.

Structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties of epitaxially grown BaFeO3 thin films on (100) SrTiO3 single-crystal substrates

Ca and In co-doped BaFeO 3−δ as a Cobalt-free Cathode Material for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Co-free, iron perovskites as cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Electrical conductivities of SrFeO3−δ and BaFeO3−δ perovskites

Immune cells play numerous roles in the host defense against the invasion of microorganisms and pathogens, which induces the release of inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines and chemokines). In the CNS, microglia is the major resident immune cell. Recent efforts have revealed the diversity of the cell types and the heterogeneity of their functions. The refinement of the synapse structure was a hallmark feature of the microglia, while they are also involved in the myelination and capillary dynamics. Another promising feature is the modulation of the synaptic transmission as synaptic plasticity and the intrinsic excitability of neurons as non-synaptic plasticity. Those modulations of physiological properties of neurons are considered induced by both transient and chronic exposures to inflammatory mediators, which cause behavioral disorders seen in mental illness. It is plausible for astrocytes and pericytes other than microglia and macrophage to induce the immune-triggered plasticity of neurons. However, current understanding has yet achieved to unveil what inflammatory mediators from what immune cells or glia induce a form of plasticity modulating pre-, post-synaptic functions and intrinsic excitability of neurons. It is still unclear what ion channels and intracellular signaling of what types of neurons in which brain regions of the CNS are involved. In this review, we introduce the ubiquitous modulation of the synaptic efficacy and the intrinsic excitability across the brain by immune cells and related inflammatory cytokines with the mechanism for induction. Specifically, we compare neuro-modulation mechanisms by microglia of the intrinsic excitability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons with cerebral pyramidal neurons, stressing the inverted directionality of the plasticity. We also discuss the suppression and augmentation of the extent of plasticity by inflammatory mediators, as the meta-plasticity by immunity. Lastly, we sum up forms of immune-triggered plasticity in the different brain regions with disease relevance. Together, brain immunity influences our cognition, sense, memory, and behavior via immune-triggered plasticity.

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Takeo Kawano

Papers

Electrical conductivities of SrFeO3−δ and BaFeO3−δ perovskites

Immune-Triggered Forms of Plasticity Across Brain Regions