J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

Background—Current definitions of hypertension are based on levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but not on pulse pressure (PP). We examined whether PP adds useful information for predicting coronary heart disease (CHD) in the population-based Framingham Heart Study. Methods and Results—We studied 1924 men and women between 50 and 79 years of age at baseline with no clinical evidence of CHD and not taking antihypertensive drug therapy. Cox regression, adjusted for age, sex, and other risk factors, was used to assess the relations between blood pressure components and CHD risk over a 20-year follow-up. The association with CHD risk was positive for SBP, DBP, and PP, considering each pressure individually; of the 3, PP yielded the largest χ2 statistic. When SBP and DBP were jointly entered into the multivariable model, the association with CHD risk was positive for SBP (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.30) and negative for DBP (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.98). Four subgroup...

Is Pulse Pressure Useful in Predicting Risk for Coronary Heart Disease? The Framingham Heart Study

Clinical applications of arterial stiffness; definitions and reference values

Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. への投稿のすすめ

The static elastic properties of arterial tree (abdominal aorta and common carotid artery) were studied in 19 normal subjects and in 49 patients with myocardial infarction with an ultrasonic phase-locked echo-tracking system that allows continuous transcutaneous measurement of the arterial diameter. The stiffness index beta, which represented the mechanical properties in the arterial wall, was calculated from the relation between systemic blood pressure and the diameter of the artery. Patients with myocardial infarction underwent coronary angiography in their convalescent period to determine involved vessels. In 11 patients, coronary artery was patent; 15 patients had one-vessel disease, 12 had two-vessel disease, and the remaining 11 patients had three-vessel disease. In normal subjects, increasing age was associated with an increase in arterial stiffness. An average value of the stiffness index of the abdominal aorta was 8.58 +/- 3.02 (mean +/- SD) and that of common carotid artery was 9.17 +/- 2.22. In patients with three-vessel disease, these values were significantly higher (22.37 +/- 4.29 in abdominal aorta and 13.17 +/- 4.56 in common carotid artery) than those in normal subjects. Stiffness index of patients with two- or one-vessel disease was also increased but lower than those in patients with three-vessel disease (p less than 0.05). Forty-four of 49 patients with infarction had an arterial stiffness index of abdominal aorta higher than the 95% confidence limits of the normal data (p less than 0.05). Twenty-eight patients were outside the nomogram of common carotid artery (p less than 0.05). The mechanical properties of these elastic arteries provided sufficiently reliable information on changes caused by atherosclerosis.

Stiffness of systemic arteries in patients with myocardial infarction. A noninvasive method to predict severity of coronary atherosclerosis.

The static mechanical properties of major branches of the human arteries (common carotid artery, abdominal aorta, femoral artery, and brachial artery) were studied in 39 subjects, aged 6-81 years, using an ultrasonic phase locked echo tracking system that allows continuous transcutaneous measurement of the diameter of the artery. The stiffness indices were calculated from the relation between systemic blood pressure and arterial diameter. With advancing age there was a significant increase in the diameter of all arteries with a reduction in percentage change in diameter. The stiffness index increased with age in all arteries; however, in the brachial and femoral arteries there was considerable variation in the individual values for a given age. The age associated increase in stiffness was statistically significant only in the common carotid artery and the abdominal aorta. Although the mechanical properties of the peripheral arteries were significantly influenced by the measuring environment, the calculated stiffness indices were less vulnerable to these stimuli in the central arteries. These results indicate that the stiffness indices of the peripheral muscular arteries are modified appreciably by vasoactive stimuli and that the mechanical properties of the deeper elastic arteries provide sufficiently reliable information about changes caused by aging and arteriosclerosis. The new ultrasonic method used appears to be suitable for this analysis.

Non-invasive assessment of the age related changes in stiffness of major branches of the human arteries

The two-dimensional (2D) polymeric spin crossover (SCO) compound Fe(py)2[Ag(CN)2]2 has been synthesized. The compound shows a two-step spin transition detected by magnetic, heat capacity, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The magnetic moment shows a high-temperature step (step 1) occurring at 146.3 K without hysteresis, while the low-temperature step (step 2) happens at 84 K on cooling and 98.2 K on heating. These measurements reveal a large amount of residual high spin (HS) species (23%) and that HS state trapping occurs at cooling rates of around 1 K min(-1) or higher. The two-step behavior has been confirmed by heat capacity, which gives, for steps 1 and 2, respectively, DeltaH1 = 3.33 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS1 = 22.6 J mol(-1) K(-1), and DeltaH2 = 1.51 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS2 = 15.7 J mol(-1) K(-1). For step 2 a hysteresis of 10 K has been determined with dynamic measurements. Powder X-ray diffraction at room temperature shows that the compound is isostructural to Cd(py)2[Ag(CN)2]2 previously reported. Powder X-ray diffraction indicates that there is only one crystallographic site for iron(II) in the whole temperature range, confirmed by Mossbauer spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction study at different temperatures do not show any superstructure in the region between the transitions, discarding a crystallographic phase transition as the origin of the two-step behavior. However, an unexpected increase of the thermal factor is detected on lowering the temperature and considered as a manifestation of a disordered state between the two steps, consisting of a mixing of HS and LS species without long-range order.

A two-step spin transition with a disordered intermediate state in a new two-dimensional coordination polymer.

Guest-dependent spin crossover in a Hofmann-type coordination polymer Fe(4,4′-bipyridyl)[Au(CN)2]2·nGuest

Novel lanthanoid(III) (Ln(III)) complexes with N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyldiglycolamide (TEDGA), [Ln(TEDGA)3][Ln(NO3)6] (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd), have been synthesized and characterized cryst...

Crystal Structures of Ln(III) (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) Complexes with N,N,N′,N′-Tetraethyldiglycolamide Associated with Homoleptic [Ln(NO3)6)]3−

Two novel 3D network coordination polymers {Mn(L)2[Ag(CN)2]2}{Mn(H2O)2[Ag(CN)2]2} (L = 4-CNpy (1) or py-4-aldoxime (2)) (4-CNpy = 4-cyanopyridine; py-4-aldoxime = pyridine-4-aldoxime) were synthesi...

Takeshi Kawasaki

Papers

Non-invasive assessment of the age related changes in stiffness of major branches of the human arteries

A two-step spin transition with a disordered intermediate state in a new two-dimensional coordination polymer.

Guest-dependent spin crossover in a Hofmann-type coordination polymer Fe(4,4′-bipyridyl)[Au(CN)2]2·nGuest

Crystal Structures of Ln(III) (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) Complexes with N,N,N′,N′-Tetraethyldiglycolamide Associated with Homoleptic [Ln(NO3)6)]3−

Triply Interpenetrated Structure of {MnII(L)2[AgI(CN)2]2}{MnII(H2O)2[AgI(CN)2]2} (L = 4-CNpy or py-4-aldoxime)