Aerosol Measurement Principles Techniques And Applications

The European Commission asked EFSA to update its previous Opinion on nickel in food and drinking water, taking into account new occurrence data, the updated benchmark dose (BMD) Guidance and newly available scientific information. More than 47,000 analytical results on the occurrence of nickel were used for calculating chronic and acute dietary exposure. An increased incidence of post-implantation loss in rats was identified as the critical effect for the risk characterisation of chronic oral exposure and a BMDL 10 of 1.3 mg Ni/kg body weight (bw) per day was selected as the reference point for the establishment of a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 13 μg/kg bw. Eczematous flare-up reactions in the skin elicited in nickel-sensitised humans, a condition known as systemic contact dermatitis, was identified as the critical effect for the risk characterisation of acute oral exposure. A BMDL could not be derived, and therefore, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level of 4.3 μg Ni/kg bw was selected as the reference point. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied and an MOE of 30 or higher was considered as being indicative of a low health concern. The mean lower bound (LB)/upper bound (UB) chronic dietary exposure was below or at the level of the TDI. The 95th percentile LB/UB chronic dietary exposure was below the TDI in adolescents and in all adult age groups, but generally exceeded the TDI in toddlers and in other children, as well as in infants in some surveys. This may raise a health concern in these young age groups. The MOE values for the mean UB acute dietary exposure and for the 95th percentile UB raises a health concern for nickel-sensitised individuals. The MOE values for an acute scenario regarding consumption of a glass of water on an empty stomach do not raise a health concern.

Update of the risk assessment of nickel in food and drinking water.

We investigate the local structures of oxynitride La–Si–(Al)–O–N glasses by 29Si and 27Al magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The glasses studied span an unprec ...

Nitrogen-rich La–Si–Al–O–N oxynitride glass structures probed by solid state NMR

Synergetic Efficacy of Amending Pb-Polluted Soil with P-Loaded Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) Twigs Biochar and Foliar Chitosan Application for Reducing Pb Distribution in Moringa Leaf Extract and Improving Its Anti-cancer Potential

In this modern life we energy is a most important and vital issue. We are so dependent on energy that we can not do without energy. We can not think our normal life with energy. There are many form of energy. Perhaps electricity is the most convenient and desirable form of energy. Everywhere we are using this energy. To run the industry we need electricity. To illuminate the house and street at night we need electricity. To run the compute, mobile phone, smart phone we need electricity. To watch TV, hearing radio and other appliances and machines we need electricity. So the use of electricity knows no bound. Modern life is clearly impossible without electricity. So it is most valuable and most essential source of energy. This study shows the scenario of the fossil fuels (Oil, Gas and Coal) in the world. The findings of the research work are the estimation of the conventional sources of the present world. This work will help to be conscious in the mankind for the use of the fossil fuels in the world.

/pdf/a-study-on-conventional-energy-sources-for-power-production-4a1nfyu6gf.pdf

A Study on Conventional Energy Sources for Power Production

This paper presents an experimental study on Electrode Power Density (EPD), Electrode Energy Density (EED), Specific Power Density (SPD) and Specific Energy Density (SED) of 1:1 Zn/Cu Electrodes of Pathor Kuchi Leaf (PKL), Aloe Vera Leaf (AVL), Tomato and Lemon juice based Electrochemical Cells. As a basic human needs now-a-days, Electricity plays a vital role for social as well as economic development and like all other third world countries rural people of Bangladesh doesn't have proper access to it. Generally rural people need electricity to light LED bulb, operate a radio or to charge a cell phone and these types of mundane work can be done using the ongoing relative study on PKL, AVL, Tomato and Lemon juice based Electrochemical Cells which uses biomass resources. The key aim of this paper is to find out which fruit or leaf juice based electrochemical cell produce enough amount of energy in terms of electricity to overcome the energy calamity of rural people of Bangladesh and to discuss important parameters of 1:1 Zn/Cu Electrodes of PKL, AVL, Tomato and Lemon juice based Electrochemical cells.

Investigation on parameters performance of Zn/Cu electrodes of PKL, AVL, Tomato and Lemon juice based electrochemical cells: A comparative study

The theory and practice of oxynitride glass synthesis and property evaluation came into effect since late 70’s. Its importance lies in the fact of its formation at the grain-boundary of synthesized silicon-nitride ceramics with additives. Earlier, heating an oxide glass with NH3 and/or N2 was the route to obtain oxynitride glass. Later on greater amount of nitrogen retention was made possible using AlN or Si3N4 as batch material. Silicate, borate and phosphate systems were studied in isolation or in conjugation. Melting temperature of such glasses varied from 1500–1800° C. Different technological developments regarding furnace atmosphere, temperature, compositions etc have been discussed towards a successful synthesis with a thermodynamic approach. Nitrogen content in glass as high as 36.8 eq% has been reported by the application of an overpressure of 30 atm N2. Different physical and chemical properties have been discussed in relation to nitrogen content in glass. Structural aspects have been considered with respect to XPS and IR spectroscopic studies. Finally some points have been highlighted towards some potential applications

/pdf/oxynitride-glasses-an-overview-534ww5sv06.pdf

Oxynitride glasses—An overview

The study sought to investigate the process of built-up expansion and the probability of built-up expansion in the English Bazar Block of West Bengal, India, using multitemporal Landsat satellite images and an integrated machine learning algorithm and fuzzy logic model. The land use and land cover (LULC) classification were prepared using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for 2001, 2011, and 2021. The landscape fragmentation technique using the landscape fragmentation tool (extension for ArcGIS software) and frequency approach were proposed to model the process of built-up expansion. To create the built-up expansion probability model, the dominance, diversity, and connectivity index of the built-up areas for each year were created and then integrated with fuzzy logic. The results showed that, during 2001–2021, the built-up areas increased by 21.67%, while vegetation and water bodies decreased by 9.28 and 4.63%, respectively. The accuracy of the LULC maps for 2001, 2011, and 2021 was 90.05, 93.67, and 96.24%, respectively. According to the built-up expansion model, 9.62% of the new built-up areas was created in recent decades. The built-up expansion probability model predicted that 21.46% of regions would be converted into built-up areas. This study will assist decision-makers in proposing management strategies for systematic urban growth that do not damage the environment.

/pdf/analysing-process-and-probability-of-built-up-expansion-30971ssy.pdf

Analysing Process and Probability of Built-Up Expansion Using Machine Learning and Fuzzy Logic in English Bazar, West Bengal

Summary

Dark-coloured semen is rarely observed in men with nonobstructive azoospermia in absence of genital tract bleeding. Dark-coloured semen is also observed rarely in men with spinal cord injury with or without genital tract bleeding. However, this condition has not been reported in the literature in absence of genital tract bleeding or spinal cord injury. Here, we report men with nonobstructive azoospermia with dark-coloured semen and without genital tract bleeding or spinal cord injury. The study included four subjects with dark-coloured semen. All the samples first investigated for the presence of red blood cells as well as haemoglobin. All the cases were examined in details with seminal, hormonal and genetic parameters. In addition, an elemental electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry evaluation for heavy metals was performed. The semen parameters showed normal volume, pH, leucocyte count and azoospermia or oligoazoospermia. Dark-coloured semen specimens contained neither red blood cells nor haeme pigment. Electron microscopy showed presence of platinum in all the cases, whereas inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry revealed increased levels of lead, manganese and nickel in serum as compared to controls. The results indicate dark-coloured semen may be linked with heavy metals found in seminal cells.

Dark‐coloured semen in nonobstructive azoospermia: a report of four cases

Climatic conditions are significantly changing in the urban areas in the age of climate change. However, due the dynamic nature of urban areas and uneven distribution of meteorological stations, it is difficult to study rainfall pattern in the urban areas. Hence, in this study, trend and pattern of rainfall have been examined of Mumbai city using rainfall regionalization approach. For this, K-means and fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering approaches have been used to examine the pattern of rainfall. The innovative trend analysis (ITA) and five tests of Mann-Kendall (MK) family have been utilized for anaylzing the rainfall trend. Result shows that both K-means and FCM techniques have identified two homogeneous rainfall regions in Mumbai exhibiting two distinctive rainfall patterns. The ITA curve shows that in the lower cluster, the data points are below 1:1 (45 o ) line, but in high and moderate cluster, they are above the line. This shows that there is a positive trend in the rainfall, but it is not monotonic. Further, the MK tests utilized in this study also shows positive trend in the rainfall in Mumbai. The result of this study may help in management of water resource and in urban flood mitigation in Mumbai city. • ITA has been applied with family of MK test for rainfall trend analysis in Mumbai. • Homogeneous rainfall regions are identified using FCM and K-means clustering. • Two homogeneous rainfall regions were identified using both clustering approaches. • Result showed an increasing but non-monotonic trend in rainfall in Mumbai. • Results may help in water resource and flood management in Mumbai and other cities. 

Identification of homogenous rainfall regions with trend analysis using fuzzy logic and clustering approach coupled with advanced trend analysis techniques in Mumbai city

Tanmoy Das

Papers

Investigation on parameters performance of Zn/Cu electrodes of PKL, AVL, Tomato and Lemon juice based electrochemical cells: A comparative study

Oxynitride glasses—An overview

Analysing Process and Probability of Built-Up Expansion Using Machine Learning and Fuzzy Logic in English Bazar, West Bengal

Dark‐coloured semen in nonobstructive azoospermia: a report of four cases

Identification of homogenous rainfall regions with trend analysis using fuzzy logic and clustering approach coupled with advanced trend analysis techniques in Mumbai city