Fitzpatrickʼs Dermatology in General Medicine

Pharmacognostic Studies and Physicochemical Properties of the Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula Leaf

Molecular hybrids: A five-year survey on structures of multiple targeted hybrids of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy.

Starting from immemorial time; peoples traditionally used herbs and plants to treat different human and animals ailments. This initiated scientists to investigate on traditional medicinal plants and herbs for biological activities by checking through bioassay and then isolating the bioactive constituents from biologically active medicinal plants and herbs. The different parts of Carissa carandas have been used for various human ailments. It has been used by traditional healers in the treatment of scabies, intestinal worms, pruritus, biliousness, snake-bite/poisoning, astringent, anemia, stomachache, diarrhea, rheumatism, earache, anthelmintic, female libido, hyperdipsia, anorexia, intermittent, mouth ulcer and sore throat, syphilitic pain, burning sensation fever, biliary dysfunction and also used as appetizer, antimicrobial, anti-fungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-scorbutic. Its biological activities have been reported by different researchers as hepatoprotective, neuropharmacological, anticancer, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antiulcer, anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, antinociceptive, anti-diabetic, anti-pyretic, cardiotonic, histamine releasing, DNA damage inhibition, constipation, anti-diarrheal, antihyperlipidemic, antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic potential and diuretic. Its phytochemical constituents which impart medicinal value to the plant was reported as alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, unsaturated sterols, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, proteins, cardiac glycosides, phytosterol, phlobatannins, leucoanthocyanin, chalcones, coumarin, anthracyanin, emodin, minerals acids, vitamins and anthraquinone glycosides. So far 14 compounds have been isolated from roots, 40 compounds from fruits and 19 compounds from leafs. These compounds include phenolic, alkaloids, sterols, terpenoids, simple acids, simple ester, sesquiterpenes, carboxylate, amino acids, glucose and galactose, sterols glycosides, phenolic lignin. Hence we reviewed the traditional uses, extraction methods, pharmacological uses and phytochemical constituents of Carissa carandas.

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Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Action and Phytochemical Analysis of Carissa carandas Linn.: A Review

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacognostical and phytochemical characters of the medicinal plant Talinum triangulare (Portulacaceae), commonly known as waterleaf. The leaves of the shade-loving plant possess great therapeutic value in the traditional system of medicines but have not been fully exploited. Methods: Morphological and anatomical details of different parts of waterleaf were studied. The physico-chemical parameters, fluorescence analysis and quantitative estimation were determined for the crude drug. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out for different waterleaf extracts. Results: Physico-chemical properties such as loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash were calculated to be 10.643%, 28.070%, 0.067% and 7.789% (w/w) respectively. Water soluble extractive value (23.420% w/w) was more than the alcohol soluble extractive (10.080% w/w) of the drug. Preliminary phytochemical investigations of waterleaf extracts revealed the presence of various phyto-constituents such as like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, proteins and carbohydrates. Plant metabolites such as alkaloids (0.637 ± 0.191 mg/gm dry weight), flavonoids (0.225 ± 0.041 mg/gm dry weight), phenolics (0.319 ± 0.059 mg/gm dry weight), carbohydrates (1.295 ± 0.229 mg/gm dry weight), amino acids (2.033 ± 0.120 mg/gm dry weight) and proteins (1.218 ± 0.049 mg/gm dry weight) were quantitatively estimated. Conclusion: The evaluation of these characters will help future researchers in phytochemical as well as pharmacological analysis of this species.

Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of talinum triangulare (jacq.) willd

The Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery Systems sets a new benchmark was an expansion that came into existence in the early 1980’s and combat over the use of the different dosage form like tablets, suspension, syrups, capsules which are the other oral drug delivery systems. Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery System (FDTS)  has a major advantage over the conventional dosage forms since the drug gets rapidly disintegrated and dissolves in the saliva without the use of water .In spite of the downside lack of immediate onset of action; these oral dosage forms have valuable purposes such as self medication, increased patient compliance, ease of manufacturing and lack of pain. Hence Fast Disintegrating Tablets (FDTS) technology has been gaining importance now-a-days with wide variety of drugs serving many purposes. Fast Disintegrating Tablets (FDTS) has ever increased their demand in the last decade since they disintegrate in saliva in less than a minute that improved compliance in pediatrics and geriatric patients, who have difficulty in swallowing tablets or liquids. As fast dissolving tablet provide instantaneous disintegration after putting it on tongue, thereby rapid drug absorption and instantaneous bioavailability, whereas Fast dissolving oral films are used as practical alternative to FDTS. These films have a potential to deliver the drug systemically through intragastric, sublingual or buccal route of administration and also has been used for local action. In present review article different aspects of fast dissolving  tablets and films like method of preparations, latest technologies, evaluation parameters are discussed. This study will be useful for the researchers for their lab work.
          
      
Peer Review History: 
Received 8 July  2018;   Revised 1 September; Accepted 7 September, Available online 15 September 2018
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file:  Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 2/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Omnia Momtaz Al-Fakharany, Tanta, University, Eygpt, amina.elfakharany@pharm.tanta.edu.eg
Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef – 32 Tahrir St, Egypt, dressamceutics@yahoo.com
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This article has been cited by:
Sachin Sarashetti, Vikas Jain, Gowda D V, Pooja Mallya, & Satish Babu. (2020). Recent developments in orally disintegrating mini tablets. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(3), 3606-3612. Pubmed

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Fast dissolving drug delivery systems: formulation, preparation techniques and evaluation

Cancer is the most dreadful disease and the second main cause of death worldwide. The continuous developments have been going on in order to design potent molecules such that this leading cause of death can be dealt with. In order to decrease the level of toxicity and to improve the selectivity of drugs towards cancer targets, development of hybrid molecules has become the centre of research and scientists are doing timeless efforts to generate such a hybrid which has got no comparison with the previous developments. The heterocyclic moiety Uracil and many of its derivatives were already exposed as promising anti-cancer agents. Moreover, coupling of Uracil and 5-Fluorouracil with different pharmacophores has been proven to be an excellent strategy against cancer. Hence, the present review is an effort to collectively represent all the earlier and recent developments of Uracil and 5-Fluorouracil hybrids reported to have significant anti-cancer profile. Expectantly, we can assure that this article can serve as the basis for further developments in Uracil and 5-Fluorouracil hybrids and will surely motivates the medicinal chemists for producing unique anti-cancer drug.

Recent advancements in Uracil and 5-Fluorouracil hybrids as potential anticancer agents: A Review -

Raspberry ketone belongs to statin group. It exhibit anti-hyperlipidemic activity. The main drawback associated with raspberry ketone is its low oral bioavailability (less than 20 %) due to poor aqueous solubility. The objective of present work was to design a formulation to improve the solubility using nanooemulsion and to enhance the bioavailability of raspberry ketone by delivering it at the molecular level in the form of nanodroplets through oral route. Prepared formulation was studied for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), percentage transmittance, refractive index, viscosity, zeta potential, surface morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in vitro release study. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out using Wistar albino rats to evaluate plasma levels of raspberry ketone. Optimized formulation exhibited spherical droplets with average diameter of 68.30 ± 2.32 nm, PDI of 0.167 ± 0.055 and zeta potential values of -28.50 ± 0.12 mV. Prepared nanoemulsion exhibited good transmittance (99.50 ± 0.06 %), refractive index (1.40 ± 0.01) and viscosity (32.12 ± 1.40 cP). The AUC (0−24) for nanoemulsion formulation (32.692 ± 2.621 μg.h/ml) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than raspberry ketone suspension (14.606 ± 1.516 μg.h/ml). The Cmax of raspberry ketone nanoemulsion and raspberry ketone suspension was found to be 3.501 ± 0.086 and 1.247 ± 0.067 μg/ml, respectively. The value of AUC and Cmax of nanoemulsion after oral administration were 2.2 fold and 2.8-fold higher than those of suspension, respectively. Higher value of AUC and Cmax in case of nanoemulsion ensured higher drug availability at the site of action. On the basis of these research findings, it was concluded that raspberry ketone loaded nanoemulsion could be a better option for improving its oral bioavailability. © 2020 iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation. All rights reserved. Cite this article as: Singh, S.; Virmani, T.; Kohli, K. Nanoemulsion system for improvement of raspberry ketone oral bioavailability. Indo Global J. Pharm. Sci., 2020; 10(1): 33-42. DOI: http://doi.org/10.35652/IGJPS.2020.10105 . Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020; 10(1): 33-42 34 MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Nanoemulsion System for Improvement of Raspberry Ketone Oral Bioavailability

Abnormalities in airway mucus lead to chronic disorders in the pulmonary system such as asthma, fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Among these, COPD is more prominent worldwide. Various conventional approaches are available in the market for the treatment of COPD, but the delivery of drugs to the target site remains a challenge with conventional approaches. Nanocarrier-based approaches are considered the best due to their sustained release properties to the target site, smaller size, high surface-to-volume ratio, patient compliance, overcoming airway defenses and improved pharmacotherapy. This article provides updated information about the treatment of COPD along with nanocarrier-based approaches as well as the potential of gene therapy and stem cell therapy to combat the COPD.

Nanocarrier-based approaches to combat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

3 Abstract: Kukkutandatwak (Shell of hen's egg) is being used as calcium supplement in Ayurveda (Indian system of medicine).The present study is intended to standardisation of Kukkutandatwak (shell of hen's egg) and Aloe barbadensis Linn. The standardisation were carried out as per Pharmacopoeial Standards for Ayurvedic Formulations and WHO guidelines of quality control for medicinal plants. The potential of heavy metal hazards was analysed in Kukkutandatwak (Shell of hen's egg). Heavy metals analysis was carried out by using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) method. Kukkutandatwak (KT) bhasm was prepared by using dried powder of purified Kukkutandatwak and pulp of Aloe Barbadensis Linn. The study revealed that the use of shell of hen's egg in the form of Kukkutandatwak Bhasm, when it was processed with Aloe Barbadensis Linn was more protected as comparative to shell of hen's egg as such in terms of heavy metal contamination.

Tarun Virmani

Papers

Fast dissolving drug delivery systems: formulation, preparation techniques and evaluation

Recent advancements in Uracil and 5-Fluorouracil hybrids as potential anticancer agents: A Review -

Nanoemulsion System for Improvement of Raspberry Ketone Oral Bioavailability

Nanocarrier-based approaches to combat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Role of Aloe Barbendensis in the Removal of Toxic Metal of Kukkutandatwak (Shell of Hen’s Egg)-A Drug Used in Indian System of Medicine (Ayurveda)