Water-soluble ions in atmospheric aerosols measured in Xi'an, China: Seasonal variations and sources

[1] This paper attempts to analyze the chemical compositions of the near surface aerosols at a typical location in the Ganga basin with an emphasis on delineating the source of aerosols in foggy/hazy conditions. Collocated measurements of a number of atmospheric and aerosol parameters along with simultaneous sampling of near surface aerosols of size less than 10 μm (PM10) were made as part of an intense field campaign launched under the Indian Space Research Organization Geosphere Biosphere Program (ISRO-GBP) in December 2004. PM10 and black carbon (BC) mass concentration was found to be significantly higher during the foggy/hazy period. Much of the PM10 mass (∼81%) was due to fine/accumulation mode particles (0.1–0.95 μm). Significant proportions of water soluble ions such as NH4+, K+, Na+, Cl−, NO3− and SO42− were present in the fine mode particles while considerable amounts of Ca2+ and Mg2+ along with NH4+, K+, Na+, Cl−, NO3− and SO42− were found in the coarse mode particles. Also, water soluble ions NH4+ and NO3− were significantly higher; however, Na+, K+, SO42− and Cl− did not show significant difference between foggy/hazy and clear days. In contrast, Ca2+, Mg2+ and acid soluble metals were significantly lower during foggy/hazy days as compared to the clear days. Presence of higher amounts of NH4+, K+, NO3− and SO42− associated with very low values (<5 ppmv) of SO2 despite considerable plausible emissions due to fossil fuel and biomass burning in the region suggests that loading of fine mode aerosols in the region could have been enhanced through reactions of gaseous pollutants on the solid surfaces. These results along with the findings presented in the companion paper indicate that prolonged foggy/hazy conditions in the region may be due to the increased anthropogenic emissions.

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Measurements of atmospheric parameters during Indian Space Research Organization Geosphere Biosphere Programme Land Campaign II at a typical location in the Ganga basin: 1. Physical and optical properties

Temporal and spatial variation of the chemical composition of PM10 at urban and rural sites in the Basel area, Switzerland

Measurements of gaseous HONO, HNO3, SO2, HCl, NH3, particulate sulfate and PM2.5 in New York, NY

[1] This paper attempts to analyze the chemical compositions of the near surface aerosols at a typical location in the Ganga basin with an emphasis on delineating the source of aerosols in foggy/hazy conditions. Collocated measurements of a number of atmospheric and aerosol parameters along with simultaneous sampling of near surface aerosols of size less than 10 mm (PM10) were made as part of an intense field campaign launched under the Indian Space Research Organization Geosphere Biosphere Program (ISRO-GBP) in December 2004. PM10 and black carbon (BC) mass concentration was found to be significantly higher during the foggy/hazy period. Much of the PM10 mass ( 81%) was due to fine/accumulation mode particles (0.1–0.95 mm). Significant proportions of water soluble ions such as NH4 , K, Na, Cl , NO3 and SO4 2 were present in the fine mode particles while considerable amounts of Ca and Mg along with NH4 , K, Na, Cl , NO3 and SO4 2 were found in the coarse mode particles. Also, water soluble ions NH4 + and NO3 were significantly higher; however, Na, K, SO4 2 and Cl did not show significant difference between foggy/hazy and clear days. In contrast, Ca, Mg and acid soluble metals were significantly lower during foggy/hazy days as compared to the clear days. Presence of higher amounts of NH4 , K, NO3 and SO4 2

Measurements of atmospheric parameters during Indian Space Research Organization Geosphere Biosphere Program Land Campaign II at a typical location in the Ganga Basin: 2. Chemical properties: AEROSOL CHEMISTRY IN IG BASIN

Chemical forms and sources of extremely high nitrate and chloride in winter aerosol pollution in the Kanto Plain of Japan

On some characteristics of the diurnal variation of O3 observed in island, urban and rural areas

Simulation of SPM Concentration Taking into Account the Effect of Liquid Water

La distribution et la densite des aerosols dans la couche de melange ont ete etudiees a l'aide des mesures d'un compteur de particules monte sur helicoptere

混合層中におけるエアロゾル粒子の鉛直分布;混合層中におけるエアロゾル粒子の鉛直分布;Vertical Distributions of Aerosol Particles in the Mixing Layer

関東地方 で初冬季に出現 す る広域 ・高濃度NO2現 象の要 因 として,数 値実験的 にはその寄与が指摘 されていたNOx-炭 化水素系光化学反応 を,野 外観測 によって捉え る こ とを 試 みた。NO2の 高 濃 度 (>90ppb)が 観測 された1991年11月26,27日 お よび12月6,7日 に東京都都心部 の高層 ビル屋 上 お よ び地上,東 京湾岸の東京都環境科学 研究所,関 東平野 内陸部 の4地 点 お よび筑波 山頂上において光化学 反応 に関与す る物質の測定 を行 い,各 物質濃度 の経 時変化 を検討 した。 東京都都心部でのperoxyacetylnitrate(PAN)濃 度 は最高3.9~11.7ppbと 高濃度を示 し,経 時変 化 は[PO(=NO2+O3)-NO2Prime(直 接排 出起源のNO2)]の 経時変化 と類似 した挙動を 示 した。高 層 ビル屋上で測定 されたNO3-濃 度 は12月7日 以外 の3日 間は 日中 に顕著 な増加を示 し,特 に12月6日 に最高59μgm-3と 非常 な高濃度 に達 した。 アセ トアルデ ヒ ド/CO比 は12月6,7日 の 日中に顕著な 増加を示 した。 これ らの指標物質の挙動 か ら,高 濃度NO2の 出現 時に光化学反応が生 じていた ことが 明 らか となった。 また,船 舶に よる東京湾 内での観測結果 よ り,東 京湾上空ではPOはO3の 形で存在 す る割合が大 きい ことが示 唆 され た。 さらに,関 東平野 内陸部 での観測結果 よ り,冬 季光化学大気汚染 はNO3-の 生成 を通 して高濃 度SPM現 象の一 因 となる場合 があるこ とが 明 らか となった。

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/taiki1978/29/2/29_2_80/_pdf

Tateki Mizuno

Papers

Chemical forms and sources of extremely high nitrate and chloride in winter aerosol pollution in the Kanto Plain of Japan

On some characteristics of the diurnal variation of O3 observed in island, urban and rural areas

Simulation of SPM Concentration Taking into Account the Effect of Liquid Water

混合層中におけるエアロゾル粒子の鉛直分布;混合層中におけるエアロゾル粒子の鉛直分布;Vertical Distributions of Aerosol Particles in the Mixing Layer

Wintertime Photochemical Air Pollution as a Cause of Heavy NO2 Pollution in Kanto Plain, Japan