Tawfik Badawy

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of spark plug electrode gap on flame kernel development, engine performance, and emissions were investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber and a single cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine.

TL;DR: In this article, high-speed schlieren photography was used to investigate the laminar burning characteristics of three ethyl ester fuels: ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, and ethyl butyrate, in comparison with gasoline and ethanol at different initial temperatures and a variety of equivalence ratios.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantitatively converted methanol's chemical effect, cooling effects and octane sensitivity effects on engine knocking suppression are quantitatively quantitatively calculated to an effective octane index (EOI), a parameter for comprehensively describing the anti-knocking properties of a gasoline-type fuel.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of closely coupled split injection strategy to alleviate fuel impingement and the corresponding spray characteristics were investigated with high speed imaging technique and Phase Doppler particle Analyser (PDPA) technique.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of injector deposit on both the in-nozzle flow dynamics and downstream spray behaviors was numerically investigated using high-resolution X-ray microtomographic scans.