Computational modelling of impact damage in brittle materials

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a well-established machining option for manufacturing geometrically complex or hard material parts that are extremely difficult-to-machine by conventional machining processes. The non-contact machining technique has been continuously evolving from a mere tool and die making process to a micro-scale application machining alternative attracting a significant amount of research interests. In recent years, EDM researchers have explored a number of ways to improve the sparking efficiency including some unique experimental concepts that depart from the EDM traditional sparking phenomenon. Despite a range of different approaches, this new research shares the same objectives of achieving more efficient metal removal coupled with a reduction in tool wear and improved surface quality. This paper reviews the research work carried out from the inception to the development of die-sinking EDM within the past decade. It reports on the EDM research relating to improving performance measures, optimising the process variables, monitoring and control the sparking process, simplifying the electrode design and manufacture. A range of EDM applications are highlighted together with the development of hybrid machining processes. The final part of the paper discusses these developments and outlines the trends for future EDM research.

http://zclient.persiangig.com/ScienceDirect/M02.pdf

State of the art electrical discharge machining (EDM)

Introduction Metal forming process Analysis and technology in metal forming Plasticity and viscoplasticity Methods of analysis The finite element method (1) The finite element method (2) Plane-strain problems Axisymmetric isothermal forging Steady state processes of extrusion and drawing Sheet metal forming Thermo-viscoplastic analysis Compaction and forging of porous metals Three dimensional problems Preform design in metal forming Solid formulation, comparison of two formulations, and concluding remarks Index.

/pdf/metal-forming-and-the-finite-element-method-5ev6lca5h5.pdf

Metal Forming and the Finite-Element Method

http://digitalknowledge.cput.ac.za/bitstream/11189/4942/3/Makinde_Oluwole_D_Aziz_A_Eng_2011.pdf

Boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a stretching sheet with a convective boundary condition

An account is given of the development of the idea of a yield stress for solids, soft solids and structured liquids from the beginning of this century to the present time. Originally, it was accepted that the yield stress of a solid was essentially the point at which, when the applied stress was increased, the deforming solid first began to show liquid-like behaviour, i.e. continual deformation. In the same way, the yield stress of a structured liquid was originally seen as the point at which, when decreasing the applied stress, solid-like behaviour was first noticed, i.e. no continual deformation. However as time went on, and experimental capabilities increased, it became clear, first for solids and lately for soft solids and structured liquids, that although there is usually a small range of stress over which the mechanical properties change dramatically (an apparent yield stress), these materials nevertheless show slow but continual steady deformation when stressed for a long time below this level, having shown an initial linear elastic response to the applied stress. At the lowest stresses, this creep behaviour for solids, soft solids and structured liquids can be described by a Newtonian-plateau viscosity. As the stress is increased the flow behaviour usually changes into a power-law dependence of steady-state shear rate on shear stress. For structured liquids and soft solids, this behaviour generally gives way to Newtonian behaviour at the highest stresses. For structured liquids this transition from very high (creep) viscosity (>106 Pa.s) to mobile liquid (

The yield stress—a review or ‘παντα ρει’—everything flows?

In this study, the uniform compression test is used to determine the flow stress of 403 stainless steel, Waspaloy, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, Inconel 718, Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-3Al, and, AISI 4340 at various forging temperatures. The ring-compression test is used to determine the flow stress of 6061 aluminum, Ti-7Al-4Mo, 403 stainless steel, Waspaloy, 17-7 PH stainless steel, Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel 718, Ti-8Al-1Mo-V, 7075 aluminum, and Udimet 700 alloy at forging temperatures. All the tests were conducted, at practical deformation rates encountered in forging, on an instrumented high-speed forging press. For the same material and at similar temperature and deformation-rate conditions, the data obtained from the uniform-compression and ring-compression tests were compared. It was found that the results obtained with rings 3-in. O.D., 1.5-in. ID and 1 in. high were practically identical to those obtained from the isothermal uniform-compression tests conducted with samples 1-in. dia and 1.5 in. high.

Flow Stress Determination for Metals at Forging Rates and Temperatures

Analytical modeling of drilling and ball end milling

Lubrication in tube hydroforming (THF) Part I. Lubrication mechanisms and development of model tests to evaluate lubricants and die coatings in the transition and expansion zones

Taylan Altan

Papers

Flow Stress Determination for Metals at Forging Rates and Temperatures

Analytical modeling of drilling and ball end milling

Lubrication in tube hydroforming (THF) Part I. Lubrication mechanisms and development of model tests to evaluate lubricants and die coatings in the transition and expansion zones

Optimization of blank dimensions to reduce springback in the flexforming process

Lubrication in tube hydroforming (THF): Part II. Performance evaluation of lubricants using LDH test and pear-shaped tube expansion test