https://www.itqb.unl.pt/~imartins/McKay_2002.pdf

Dioxin characterisation, formation and minimisation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: review

Toxic metal emissions from incineration: Mechanisms and control

Energy from municipal solid waste : A comparison with coal combustion technology

Understanding the transformation of mercury species (elemental and oxidized forms) in stationary combustion sources is of interest to both those responsible for developing control technologies and those responsible for setting regulations. Elemental mercury (Hg0) poses a challenging flue gas control issue, and oxidized forms of mercury (Hg2+) are of concern due to local deposition potential. In a previous study, mercury speciation, or more specifically oxidation of Hg0, was studied in simulated flue gases and in the presence of three-component model fly ashes. Gas-phase studies indicated that oxidation of Hg0 in the presence of hydrogen chloride (HCl) is rather slow, and proceeds at measurable rates only at temperatures >700 °C and HCl concentrations in the range of 100–200 ppm. The effect of fly ash composition was investigated using a fixed-bed reactor containing different synthetic model fly ash components such as alumina (Al2O3), silica (SiO2), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), copper oxide (CuO), and calcium oxi...

Effects of fly ash transition metal content and flue gas HCl/SO2 ratio on mercury speciation in waste combustion

Control of dioxin, furan, and mercury emissions from municipal waste combustors

Characterization of advanced sorbents for dry SO2 control

On December 20, 1989, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed revised new source performance standards for new municipal waste combustion (MWC) units and guidelines for existing sources. The proposed national regulations require tighter particulate matter control and address precombustion, combustion, and post-combustion controls, the latter two depending on capacity and age of the facility. The air pollutants of concern when municipal solid waste (MSW) is burned will be discussed. Generally, particulate control is an inherent part of the systems used to limit the emissions of these air pollutants. The relationships between MWC air emissions (acid gases, trace organics, and trace heavy metals) control and particulate control will be discussed. Test results to quantify air pollutant emissions from MWC units and their control will be presented and compared with the proposed regulations.

The impact of particulate emissions control on the control of other MWC air emissions

The combustion of hazardous and municipal wastes can effectively destroy targeted substances and reduce waste volume, thus extending the useful life of existing landfills. In addition, combustion may serve the beneficial conversion of waste to energy, such as for heating, cooling, or electrical energy applications. These benefits, however, are accompanied by the emission of air pollutants which require post-combustion controls in order lo meel regulatory requirements. Air pollutants resulting from the combustion of hazardous and municipal wastes which may require control include: acid gases, organic compounds, heavy metals, and particulate matter. Dry, semi-dry, and wet processes are available to control these classes of pollutants. The process which represents the optimum solution depends on numerous factors, including type of waste/fuel, targeted pollutants and the desired level of control for each, location of combustion unit, and residue disposal restrictions. Flue gas cleaning processes curr...

Theodore G. Brna

Papers

Characterization of advanced sorbents for dry SO2 control

The impact of particulate emissions control on the control of other MWC air emissions

Cleaning of Flue Gases from Waste Combustors

Control of PCDD/PCDF emissions from municipal waste combustion systems

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: Removal from flue gas and distribution in ash/residue of a refuse-derived fuel combustor