Current advances in bone tissue engineering concerning ceramic and bioglass scaffolds: A review

Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and silver (Ag) nanoparticles are expected to enable desirable bioactivity and antibacterial properties on biopolymer scaffolds. Nevertheless, interfacial adhesion between HA/Ag and the biopolymer is poor due to the large physicochemical differences between these components. In this study, poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) powder was first surface-modified with bioactive polydopamine (PDA) in an alkaline environment. Next, HA and Ag nanoparticles were grown in situ on the PDA-coated PLLA powder, which was then adhered to the porous bone scaffold using a selective laser-sintering process. Results showed that HA and Ag nanoparticles were homogenously distributed in the matrix, with enhanced mechanical properties. Simulated body fluid bioactivity tests showed that the in situ grown HA-endowed scaffold shows excellent bioactivity. In vitro tests confirmed that the scaffold exhibits favorable biocompatibility with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, as well as strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Furthermore, in vivo assays indicated that the scaffold promoted bone generation, with a new bone area fraction of 71.8% after 8 weeks’ implantation, without inflammation.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42242-021-00130-x.pdf

A bifunctional bone scaffold combines osteogenesis and antibacterial activity via in situ grown hydroxyapatite and silver nanoparticles

Fabrication of chitosan-coated porous polycaprolactone/strontium-substituted bioactive glass nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Bioactive glasses meet phytotherapeutics: The potential of natural herbal medicines to extend the functionality of bioactive glasses.

Bioactive glass: A multifunctional delivery system

Bioactive glass based scaffolds coated with gelatin for the sustained release of icariin.

Electrospinning is a promising approach for the development of fibrous tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds suitable for hard and soft tissues. Apart from physicomechanical properties, electrospun fibers are required to incorporate bioactive cues to control cellular functions, including facilitating biomineralization and osteogenic differentiation in case of bone TE, as well as vascularization, to support successful tissue regeneration. In recent years, bioactive glass (BG) addition to electrospun biopolymer fibers has shown promising results in enhancing the properties of fibers, including the improvement of biological performance. In this article, a comprehensive overview of BG‐containing electrospun polymer composite fibers is presented, identifying the parameters that affect the mechanical properties as well as the biological response in vivo and in vitro. Subsequently, the effects of BG addition on the properties of the scaffolds are discussed. Recent developments in the fields of bone regeneration, wound healing, and drug delivery using BG‐containing electrospun fibrous scaffolds are described in detail. Essential aspects related to BG‐polymer composite fibers for translational research in TE are highlighted for future research in this field.

Theresa Reiter

Papers

Bioactive glass based scaffolds coated with gelatin for the sustained release of icariin.

Progress on Electrospun Composite Fibers Incorporating Bioactive Glass: An Overview