Showing papers by "Thomas Hess published in 1994"
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that age-related changes in knowledge systems possessed by the individual influence the representation of social events in memory and the motivation to engage in specific types of cognitive activities.
50 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that older adults were less likely than younger adults to integrate new, inconsistent information in the schema-based memory representation, which would result in less impression change, while young and older adults varied in their weighting of different types of information (e.g., negative behaviors), which subsequently affected their impressions and memory for specific behavioral information.
Abstract: Three experiments examined the factors influencing impression change in young and older adults. In each study, Ss formed an impression of a fictitious target person and then read additional behavioral information that varied in its consistency with this initial impression. On the basis of previous work, older adults were expected to be less likely than younger adults to integrate new, inconsistent information in the schema-based memory representation, which would result in less impression change. No support for this prediction was found; instead, young and older adults varied in their weighting of different types of information (e.g., negative behaviors), which subsequently affected their impressions and memory for specific behavioral information. These results highlight the importance of considering the impact of age differences in implicit theories about behavior on social cognition.
39 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored the conditions under which age differences would occur in the use of schematic versus episodic information in making social judgments and found that older adults are more likely than younger adults to rely on schematic information in various types of judgments.
Abstract: Previous studies have suggested that older adults are more likely than younger adults to rely on schematic information in making various types of judgments. We explored the conditions under which age differences would occur in the use of schematic versus episodic information in making social judgments. We were specifically interested in examining performance when age differences in the availability of episodic information were minimal. No age effects were observed in judgment tasks where responses were biased toward exclusive reliance on one or the other type of information. However, in a situation where both types of information could be used, the responses of older adults were less likely than those of younger adults to be influenced by available episodic information.
20 citations
3 citations