Showing papers by "Thomas Hess published in 2001"

Social Cognition and Aging

Abstract: Contributors. Foreword. F. Blanchard-Fields and T.M. Hess, The Social Cognitive Perspective and the Study of. Focus on Self: L.M. Soederberg-Miller and M.E. Lachman, The Sense of Control and Cognitive Aging: Toward a Model of Mediational Processes. C. Hertzog, T.T. Lineweaver, and C.L. McGuire, Beliefs About Memory and Aging. J.M. Berry, Memory Self-Efficacy in Its Social Cognitive Context. K. Hooker, Possible Selves in Adulthood: Incorporating Telenomic Relevance into Studies of the Self. J. Brandtstadter, Sources of Resilience in the Aging Self: Toward Integrating Perspectives. J.M. Fitzgerald, Autobiographical Memory and Social Cognition: Development of the Remembered Self in Adulthood. Section II. Focus on Others: M.L. Hummert, A Social Cognitive Perspective on Age Stereotypes. J.T. Erber and I.G. Prager, Age and Memory: Perceptions of Forgetful Young and Older Adults. F. Blanchard-Fields, Social Schematicity and Causal Attributions. T.M. Hess, Cognitive and Knowledge-Based Influences on Social Representations. Focus on the Social Context: Interactions Between Self and Other: R.A. Dixon, Exploring Cognition in Interactive Situations: The Aging of N+ 1 Minds. M.W. Pratt and J.E. Norris, Moral Development in Maturity: Life-Span Perspectives on the Processes of Successful Aging. S.T. Charles and L.L. Carstensen, The Role of Time in the Setting of Social Goals Across the Life Span. U.M. Staudinger, Social Cognition and a Psychological Approach to an Art of Life. Index.

Motivation and representational processes in adulthood: the effects of social accountability and information relevance.

Abstract: The role of motivation in determining age differences in social representations was examined. Adults aged 20 to 83 years were given an impression formation task that attempted to manipulate motivation by varying the characteristics of the target and the extent to which participants would be held accountable for their impressions. It was hypothesized that increasing age would be associated with greater selectivity in the use of available cognitive resources to support the construction of accurate representations. Support for this hypothesis was obtained when trait inferences and recall were examined. Specifically, older adults made more accurate trait inferences and recalled more information when the target was similar in age or they were held accountable for their impressions. In contrast, younger adults demonstrated similar levels of accuracy across conditions. The fact that these effects were observed when cognitive resources was controlled suggests a motivational effect that is independent of age differences in cognitive ability.

Aging and social expertise: the impact of trait-diagnostic information on impressions of others.

Abstract: Two studies were conducted to examine the bases for age differences in the construction of social inferences In each study, adults aged from 20 to 80+ years were presented with an impression formation task in which they first read brief behavioral descriptions of fictitious people and then made a trait inference and likability judgment about each person Results were generally consistent with previous findings in showing that aging was associated with an increase in the weighting of trait-diagnos tic information in making trait attributions In addition, the pattern of age effects was only minimally affected by situational factors that have been known to influence the use of trait-diagnostic information The findings are interpreted as demonstrating an aging-related increase in social expertise in which knowledge regarding the underlying bases for the behaviors of others has been translated in specific procedural knowledge There is increasing evidence that many aspects of socialcognitive functioning do not remain static through adulthood, with aging being associated with changes in the operations, knowledge, and goals associated with understanding both self and others (Hess & Blanchard-Fiel ds, 1999) Of interest is the fact that these agerelated variations in social cognition appear to reflect adaptive changes in functioning related to changes in social experience and life circumstances An examination of the existing research on social representational processes suggests several mechanisms associated with the observed age differences For example, agerelated changes in socioemotiona l goals (Carstensen & TurkCharles, 1994) and the complexity of reasoning about self and others (eg, Labouvie-Vief, Chiodo, Goguen, & Diehl, 1995) influence the manner in which social information is interpreted and remembered A more fundamental mechanism underlying changes in socialcognitive functioning may be the development of what might be termed social expertise, or what Staudinger and Pasupathi (2000) have labeled life pragmatics, associated with the age-related accumulation of social experience This development would be reflected in the acquisition and use of specific types of knowledge for organizing and interpreting events in the social world Additionally, consistent with the notion of expertise, successful adaptation would be related to the extent to which this knowledge accurately reflects social and cultural norms and enables the individual to effectively function in the social environment

Ageing-related influences on personal need for structure

Abstract: The need for structure construct was examined in relation to adult age using the Personal Need for Structure scale (PNS; M.M. Thompson, M.E. Naccarato, & K. Parker, 1989). The results of a series of confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the two intercorrelated-factor structure of the PNS scale held up well across individuals aged 21 to 85, validating its use for the examination of ageing effects. Structural equation modelling analyses found that ageing was associated with lower levels of physical health and cognitive skill, which in turn were related to higher PNS scores. It was also found, however, that the impact of reductions in these resources on need for structure were counteracted by high levels of social activity and emotional health. The argument is made that ageing-related changes in personal resources impact everyday behaviour through changes in motivation, such as need for structure.

Mobile Commerce in der Medienindustrie— eine erste Bestandsaufnahme

Abstract: „Mobile Commerce“—mit diesem Schlagwort verbinden insbesondere Endgeratehersteller und Betreiber von Mobilfunknetzen grose Hoffnungen im Hinblick auf die zukunftige Generierung von Umsatzen. Bislang herrschen allerdings noch erhebliche Unsicherheiten, welche konkreten mobilen Dienste den Endkunden angeboten werden sollen und wie eine Refinanzierung derartiger Online-Produkte moglich ist.

Die Strategische Lücke im Supply Chain Management

Abstract: Die Diskussion um zwischenbetriebliche Optimierungskonzepte hat mit dem Supply Chain Management in jungster Zeit einen deutlichen Auftrieb erhalten. Trotz der breiten Aufarbeitung des Themas in Theorie und Praxis ist das Konzept bislang stark DV-technisch gepragt und vorwiegend auf operative Problemstellungen ausgerichtet. Dieser Sachverhalt mag u.a. erklaren, warum seine Anwendungsbreite in der betrieblichen Praxis doch relativ eng ist und sich in der Hauptsache auf rechtlich verbundene Unternehmenseinheiten und stabile Zweier-Kooperationen beschrankt. Offenkundig existieren gravierende Implementierungshurden, an denen die Einfuhrung in Kooperationen mit mehr als zwei rechtlich selbstandigen Unternehmen scheitert. Die Erfahrungen mit tradierten Kooperationsformen wie Strategischen Allianzen und Joint Ventures legen nahe, dass gerade die Klarung strategischer Grundfragen fundamental fur die erfolgreiche Umsetzungen unternehmensubergreifender Managementkonzepte ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll mit vorliegendem Beitrag eine Bestandsaufnahme der strategischen Ausgestaltung des Supply Chain Management vorgenommen und konzeptionelle Lucken offengelegt werden. Als Bezugsrahmen der Untersuchung dient eine Managementkonzeption fur Unternehmensnetzwerke, die auf klassischen Strukturierungsvorschlagen der Managementlehre aufbaut.

Keyword: Print‐on‐demand

Abstract: Print-on-Demand (PoD) is an often discussed subject in the media industry. The main idea of this concept is to print (a book, a magazine or a newspaper) exactly in the moment when the demand appears. Cap Ventures, an US-consultancy, estimates that today 15 per cent of all print products in the USA are produced based on the PoD-concept. Following this study, this share will grow up to 30 per cent in the next three years (see di Maio, 2000). In contrast to this, a broad discussion about the implication of this concept is still missing. What are the strategic implications for a publisher in the value chain? What are the main issues to realise a PoD-concept? In order to trigger such a discussion we present a first description of the concept of PoD.

Employing the Balanced Scorecard for the Online Media Business

Abstract: The new performance measurement system Balanced Scorecard tries to overcome drawbacks of traditional financial measurement systems by focusing on a company’s individual strategies These strategies derive from critical success factors In the media sector, general critical success factors can be analysed, building a basis for deriving specific company strategies and measures By analysing market forces and company resources, the factors Critical Mass, Customer Relations, Cooperations, Innovation, Leading Technologies, Competent Employees and Optimised Processes are found and -based on these factors - reasonable measures are elaborated In combination with financial measures these build a generic model for individual Balanced Scorecards in the online media sector, helping companies to streamline the process of a Balanced Scorecard implementation

Employing the Balanced Scorecard for the Online Media Business - A Conceptual Framework.

Abstract: The new performance measurement system Balanced Scorecard tries to overcome drawbacks of traditional financial measurement systems by focusing on a company’s individual strategies. These strategies derive from critical success factors. In the media sector, general critical success factors can be analysed, building a basis for deriving specific company strategies and measures. By analysing market forces and company resources, the factors Critical Mass, Customer Relations, Cooperations, Innovation, Leading Technologies, Competent Employees and Optimised Processes are found and -based on these factors - reasonable measures are elaborated. In combination with financial measures these build a generic model for individual Balanced Scorecards in the online media sector, helping companies to streamline the process of a Balanced Scorecard implementation.