The CES-D scale is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population. The items of the scale are symptoms associated with depression which have been used in previously validated longer scales. The new scale was tested in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings. It was found to have very high internal consistency and adequate test- retest repeatability. Validity was established by pat terns of correlations with other self-report measures, by correlations with clinical ratings of depression, and by relationships with other variables which support its construct validity. Reliability, validity, and factor structure were similar across a wide variety of demographic characteristics in the general population samples tested. The scale should be a useful tool for epidemiologic studies of de pression.

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The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population

Secret History: Return of the Black Death Channel 4, 7-8pm In 1348 the Black Death swept through London, killing people within days of the appearance of their first symptoms. Exactly how many died, and why, has long been a mystery. This Secret History documentary follows experts as they pick through the evidence and reveal why the plague killed on such a scale. And they ask, what might be coming next?

Medscape

Allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure by an IgE-mediated inflammation of the membranes lining the nose. It is a global health problem that causes major illness and disability worldwide. Over 600 million patients from all countries, all ethnic groups and of all ages suffer from allergic rhinitis. It affects social life, sleep, school and work and its economic impact is substantial. Risk factors for allergic rhinitis are well identified. Indoor and outdoor allergens as well as occupational agents cause rhinitis and other allergic diseases. The role of indoor and outdoor pollution is probably very important, but has yet to be fully understood both for the occurrence of the disease and its manifestations.

In 1999, during the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) WHO workshop, the expert panel proposed a new classification for allergic rhinitis which was subdivided into 'intermittent' or 'persistent' disease.

This classification is now validated. The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is often quite easy, but in some cases it may cause problems and many patients are still under-diagnosed, often because they do not perceive the symptoms of rhinitis as a disease impairing their social life, school and work.

The management of allergic rhinitis is well established and the ARIA expert panel based its recommendations on evidence using an extensive review of the literature available up to December 1999. The statements of evidence for the development of these guidelines followed WHO rules and were based on those of Shekelle et al. A large number of papers have been published since 2000 and are extensively reviewed in the 2008 Update using the same evidence-based system. Recommendations for the management of allergic rhinitis are similar in both the ARIA workshop report and the 2008 Update. In the future, the GRADE approach will be used, but is not yet available.

Another important aspect of the ARIA guidelines was to consider co-morbidities. Both allergic rhinitis and asthma are systemic inflammatory conditions and often co-exist in the same patients. In the 2008 Update, these links have been confirmed.

The ARIA document is not intended to be a standard-of-care document for individual countries. It is provided as a basis for physicians, health care professionals and organizations involved in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma in various countries to facilitate the development of relevant local standard-of-care documents for patients.

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Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen)

Authors Jan L. Brozek, MD, PhD – Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Jean Bousquet, MD, PhD – Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France, INSERM, CESP U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, France, and WHO Collaborating Center for Rhinitis and Asthma Carlos E. Baena-Cagnani, MD – Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina Sergio Bonini, MD – Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine – CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy G. Walter Canonica, MD – Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy Thomas B. Casale, MD – Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA Roy Gerth van Wijk, MD, PhD – Section of Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Ken Ohta, MD, PhD – Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Torsten Zuberbier, MD – Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Holger J. Schunemann, MD, PhD, MSc – Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

/pdf/allergic-rhinitis-and-its-impact-on-asthma-20b4c7y0pr.pdf

Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma

Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Treatment of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in the United States: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.

Infection with the SARS-Cov-2 virus causes COVID-19 in humans and is the cause of the pandemic around the world in 2020 and on. However, some animals have been found to be susceptible to the virus too. This has included the non-human primates, dogs, cats, and mustelids. Mink, and very recently hamsters and deer, have been shown to be able to contract the virus and pass it back to humans. However, which animals are susceptible to the virus has been very hard to predict. Many groups have looked at the sequence homology of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor for the SARS-Cov-2 virus, across species, but this has had limited success. Similar work on other proteins such as transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), neuropilin-1, and furin have also been unfruitful. Recently, it has been suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the glutathione S-transferase-omega (GSTO) genes of humans could alter viral susceptibility. Therefore, here, the presence of related sequences in vertebrates has been investigated. The SNPs in the GST-omega-1 (GSTO1) gene reported to increase COVID-19 in humans do not appear in the vertebrate species. However, the GST-omega-2 (GSTO2) SNP is represented in several vertebrate species known to have contracted the SAR-CoV-2 virus. Of course, animals may contain unknown SNPs at disruptive points in these genes too. In summary, GSTO1 genes are unlikely, at least at the moment, to be of value in predicting the susceptibility of an animal to the SARS-CoV-2 virus or disease progression, but a further study of the GST-omega-2 genes would be worthwhile. Therefore, more work on SARS-CoV-2 infections on vertebrates is recommended.
(First Online: June 8, 2022)

Do SNPs in Glutathione S-Transferase-Omega Allow Predictions of the Susceptibility of Vertebrates to SARS-CoV-2?

The prevalence of rhinitis and sleep apnea is increasing worldwide and therefore it is important for practitioners to recognize and accurately diagnose these conditions whether they occur alone or concomitantly. Both of these conditions are associated with significant comorbidities with increased direct and indirect healthcare costs, and impaired quality of life. This chapter focuses on how to appropriately diagnose chronic rhinitis patients with sleep disorders so optimal care can be provided leading to improved clinical outcomes.

Rhinitis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A 34-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Room (ER) with an acute presentation of septic shock that required fluid and pressor support in the Intensive Care Unit. History revealed this was her third episode of such a presentation with asymptomatic periods in between. She responded well to medical interventions but reported persistent joint pain. Immunologic workup revealed her diagnosis.

Recurrent septic shock in a 34-year-old woman.

The efficacy and safety of garadacimab, a fully human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody targeting activated factor XII for the prevention of hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks, were evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month, Phase 3 trial (NCT04656418). 

Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Garadacimab for the Prophylaxis of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks in Adults and Adolescent Patients with HAE: Results from a Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial

Timothy J. Craig

Papers

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Treatment of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in the United States: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.

Do SNPs in Glutathione S-Transferase-Omega Allow Predictions of the Susceptibility of Vertebrates to SARS-CoV-2?

Rhinitis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Recurrent septic shock in a 34-year-old woman.

Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Garadacimab for the Prophylaxis of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks in Adults and Adolescent Patients with HAE: Results from a Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial