http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/cr300162p

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and Their Applications

Within the framework of green chemistry, solvents occupy a strategic place. To be qualified as a green medium, these solvents have to meet different criteria such as availability, non-toxicity, biodegradability, recyclability, flammability, and low price among others. Up to now, the number of available green solvents are rather limited. Here we wish to discuss a new family of ionic fluids, so-called Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), that are now rapidly emerging in the current literature. A DES is a fluid generally composed of two or three cheap and safe components that are capable of self-association, often through hydrogen bond interactions, to form a eutectic mixture with a melting point lower than that of each individual component. DESs are generally liquid at temperatures lower than 100 °C. These DESs exhibit similar physico-chemical properties to the traditionally used ionic liquids, while being much cheaper and environmentally friendlier. Owing to these remarkable advantages, DESs are now of growing interest in many fields of research. In this review, we report the major contributions of DESs in catalysis, organic synthesis, dissolution and extraction processes, electrochemistry and material chemistry. All works discussed in this review aim at demonstrating that DESs not only allow the design of eco-efficient processes but also open a straightforward access to new chemicals and materials.

Deep eutectic solvents: syntheses, properties and applications

/pdf/aryl-aryl-bond-formation-one-century-after-the-discovery-of-1jdyxlkwix.pdf

Aryl-aryl bond formation one century after the discovery of the Ullmann reaction.

Phenolics are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom and are the most abundant secondary metabolites of plants. Plant polyphenols have drawn increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and their marked effects in the prevention of various oxidative stress associated diseases such as cancer. In the last few years, the identification and development of phenolic compounds or extracts from different plants has become a major area of health- and medical-related research. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on phenolic extraction, purification, analysis and quantification as well as their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of phenolics in-vitro and in-vivo animal models are viewed, including recent human intervention studies. Finally, possible mechanisms of action involving antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity as well as interference with cellular functions are discussed.

/pdf/plant-phenolics-extraction-analysis-and-their-antioxidant-2ee2ft7zgl.pdf

Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties.

介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology（化工技术百科全书）（第五版）电子图书网络版数据库，并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明，且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology数据库介绍及实例

For Vittorio Ragaini – on the occasion of his 70th birthday

Introduction to this special edition of ultrasonics sonochemistry

We report variously enhanced efficiencies, procedural improvements and altered product distributions from the electrooxidation of phenylacetate and p-chloro phenylacetate anions when performed under simultaneous ultrasonic irradiation.

Sonochemical Enhancement of Phenylacetate Electrooxidation.

This invention relates to a method of applying a coating layer 90 to a bearing substrate 93 which contains a matrix of particles 91 within the coating. The particules 91 are contained within an electrolytic solution along with the surface to be coated 93. Electoplating is used to deposit the metal ions 92 as well as the hard or soft tribologically useful particulates 91 onto the surface 93. Ultrasonic or megasonic agitation is used to scatter and disperse the particles 91 within the electrolytic solution to ensure a uniform concentration of particles 91 near the surface 93 of the part.

A plain bearing with composite interplayer

The rate of alkylation of sodium 2-naphthoxide with benzyl bromide is increased by sonication (20KHz). In 50% aqueous ethanol (w/w) the rate increase is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of C-alkylated products. The O-alkylation of hindered phenols under heterogeneous conditions using K 2 CO 3 in NMP is also considerably enhanced by sonication. This has been shown to be the result of a combination of two sonochemical effects: particle size reduction of the base and improved reagent mixing.

Timothy J. Mason

Papers

For Vittorio Ragaini – on the occasion of his 70th birthday

Introduction to this special edition of ultrasonics sonochemistry

Sonochemical Enhancement of Phenylacetate Electrooxidation.

A plain bearing with composite interplayer

The effect of ultrasound on o and c alkylation reactions of phenols