Capture and sequestration of CO2 from fossil fuel power plants is gaining widespread interest as a potential method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. Performance and cost models of an amine (MEA)-based CO2 absorption system for postcombustion flue gas applications have been developed and integrated with an existing power plant modeling framework that includes multipollutant control technologies for other regulated emissions. The integrated model has been applied to study the feasibility and cost of carbon capture and sequestration at both new and existing coal-burning power plants. The cost of carbon avoidance was shown to depend strongly on assumptions about the reference plant design, details of the CO2 capture system design, interactions with other pollution control systems, and method of CO2 storage. The CO2 avoidance cost for retrofit systems was found to be generally higher than for new plants, mainly because of the higher energy penalty resulting from less efficient heat integration as well ...

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A technical, economic, and environmental assessment of amine-based CO2 capture technology for power plant greenhouse gas control

Global challenges and strategies for control, conversion and utilization of CO2 for sustainable development involving energy, catalysis, adsorption and chemical processing

Oxy-fuel combustion of solid fuels

This article reviews the storage of captured CO2 in coal seams. Other geologic formations, such as depleted petroleum reservoirs, deep saline aquifers and others have received considerable attention as sites for sequestering CO2. This review focuses on geologic sequestration of CO2 in unmineable coalbeds as the geologic host. Key issues for geologic sequestration include potential storage capacity, the storage integrity of the geologic host, and the chemical and physical processes initiated by the deep underground injection of CO2. The review topics include (i) the estimated CO2 storage capacity of coal, along with the estimated amount and composition of coalbed gas; (ii) an evaluation of the coal seam properties relevant to CO2 sequestration, such as density, surface area, porosity, diffusion, permeability, transport, rank, adsorption/desorption, shrinkage/swelling, and thermochemical reactions; and (iii) a treatment of how coalbed methane (CBM) recovery and CO2-enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery a...

Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide in Coal with Enhanced Coalbed Methane RecoveryA Review

The topic of global warming as a result of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration is arguably the most important environmental issue that the world faces today. It is a global problem that will need to be solved on a global level. The link between anthropogenic emissions of CO2 with increased atmospheric CO2 levels and, in turn, with increased global temperatures has been well established and accepted by the world. International organizations such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have been formed to address this issue. Three options are being explored to stabilize atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and global temperatures without severely and negatively impacting standard of living: (1) increasing energy efficiency, (2) switching to less carbon-intensive sources of energy, and (3) carbon sequestration. To be successful, all three options must be used in concert. The third option is the subject of this review. Specifically, this review will cover the capture and geologic sequestration of CO2 generated from large point sources, namely fossil-fuel-fired power gasification plants. Sequestration of CO2 in geological formations is necessary to meet the President's Global Climate Change Initiative target of an 18% reduction in GHG intensity by 2012. Further, the best strategy to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of CO2 results from a multifaceted approach where sequestration of CO2 into geological formations is combined with increased efficiency in electric power generation and utilization, increased conservation, increased use of lower carbon-intensity fuels, and increased use of nuclear energy and renewables. This review covers the separation and capture of CO2 from both flue gas and fuel gas using wet scrubbing technologies, dry regenerable sorbents, membranes, cryogenics, pressure and temperature swing adsorption, and other advanced concepts. Existing commercial CO2 capture facilities at electric power-generating stations based on the use of monoethanolamine are described, as is the Rectisol process used by Dakota Gasification to separate and capture CO2 from a coal gasifier. Two technologies for storage of the captured CO2 are reviewed--sequestration in deep unmineable coalbeds with concomitant recovery of CH4 and sequestration in deep saline aquifers. Key issues for both of these techniques include estimating the potential storage capacity, the storage integrity, and the physical and chemical processes that are initiated by injecting CO2 underground. Recent studies using computer modeling as well as laboratory and field experimentation are presented here. In addition, several projects have been initiated in which CO2 is injected into a deep coal seam or saline aquifer. The current status of several such projects is discussed. Included is a commercial-scale project in which a million tons of CO2 are injected annually into an aquifer under the North Sea in Norway. The review makes the case that this can all be accomplished safely with off-the-shelf technologies. However, substantial research and development must be performed to reduce the cost, decrease the risks, and increase the safety of sequestration technologies. This review also includes discussion of possible problems related to deep injection of CO2. There are safety concerns that need to be addressed because of the possibilities of leakage to the surface and induced seismic activity. These issues are presented along with a case study of a similar incident in the past. It is clear that monitoring and verification of storage will be a crucial part of all geological sequestration practices so that such problems may be avoided. Available techniques include direct measurement of CO2 and CH4 surface soil fluxes, the use of chemical tracers, and underground 4-D seismic monitoring. Ten new hypotheses were formulated to describe what happens when CO2 is pumped into a coal seam. These hypotheses provide significant insight into the fundamental chemical, physical, and thermodynamic phenomena that occur during coal seam sequestration of CO2.

Separation and Capture of CO2 from Large Stationary Sources and Sequestration in Geological Formations—Coalbeds and Deep Saline Aquifers

Development of energy saving technology for flue gas carbon dioxide recovery in power plant by chemical absorption method and steam system

In order to clarify the characteristic behavior of dissolved state of CO2 in alkanolamine-H2O system five different kinds of alkanolamines were examined spectroscopically under the following conditions: 40 °C for 30 min to 120 min. NMR analysis indicated the presence of five chemical species such as carbamate ion, free amine, bicarbonate, carbonate, and protonated amine. Based on proton NMR, distribution of the respective species against molar loading of CO2 was successfully evaluated.

Facile Determination of Dissolved Species in CO2-Amine-H2O System by NMR Spectroscopy

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and apparatus for recovering amine, capable of efficiently recovering an amine compound accompanied by a decarbonated exhaust gas in a decarbonation process of removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide-containing gas by an amine compound-containing absorption liquid, and to provide a decarbonator provided with the same SOLUTION: A water washing part has the two-stage configuration of a first stage water washing part 64 and a second stage water washing part 65, and the amine compounds accompanying the decarbonated exhaust gas are recovered successively in the water washing parts Also, the reflux water of a regeneration column is supplied to the second stage water washing part 65 as washing water Demisters 83, 84, 85 are arranged at the outlets of a carbon dioxide absorbing part 73, the first stage water washing part 64 and the second stage water washing part 65, and absorption liquid mists and washing water mists accompanying the decarbonated exhaust gas are removed by the demisters Also, the washing water is withdrawn from the second stage water washing part 65 and is supplied to the first stage washing part 64, bypassing the demister 84 COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Method and apparatus for recovering amine and decarbonator provided with the apparatus

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the method and device for keeping the amt and concn of a liq absorbent constant in a decarbonation equipment to stabilize decarbonation and especially their continuous method and device SOLUTION: In the decarbonation equipment having an absorption tower having an amine recovery part and a regeneration tower, a discharged absorbent storage tank 13, a feed absorbent storage tank 12, an amine-contg water storage tank 6, a level gage 17 furnished at a liq level measurable part, the continuous densitometer 20 and flowmeter 16 provided to an absorbent feed line to the absorption tower, a flow control valve 24 furnished to a discharged absorbent discharge line, a flow control valve 24 provided to a concd absorbent feed line and a flow control valve 19 furnished to a regulating amine-contg water feed line are provided, and an opening degree of the flow control valve 19, flow control valve 22 and flow control valve 24 is controlled based on the values of the level gage 17, densitometer 20 and flowmeter 16 to keep the amt of the absorbent in the system and the amine concn and flow rate of the absorbent to be supplied to the absorption tower respectively at the specified value

Method for control liquid carbon dioxide absorbent and device therefor

This invention provides a method for the removal of CO 2 present in combustion exhaust gas which comprises bringing combustion exhaust gas at atmospheric pressure into contact with a mixed aqueous solution containing 100 parts by weight of an amino acid metal salt (X), 1 to 25 parts by weight of piperazine (Y), and optionally a copper compound in such an amount as to give a divalent copper ion concentration of 10 to 1,000 ppm based on the mixed aqueous solution, the amino acid metal salt being of the general formula CH.sub.3 NR.sup.1 CHR.sup.2 COOM (1) wherein R 1 and R 2 represent hydrogen atoms or lower alkyl groups, provided that R 2 is a lower alkyl group when R 1 is a hydrogen atom, and R 2 is a hydrogen atom when R 1 is a lower alkyl group, and M represents an alkali metal. Potassium dimethylaminoacetate is a preferred amino acid metal salt (X).

Tomio Mimura

Papers

Development of energy saving technology for flue gas carbon dioxide recovery in power plant by chemical absorption method and steam system

Facile Determination of Dissolved Species in CO2-Amine-H2O System by NMR Spectroscopy

Method and apparatus for recovering amine and decarbonator provided with the apparatus

Method for control liquid carbon dioxide absorbent and device therefor

Method for the removal of carbon dioxide from combustion exhaust gas