Drivers of eco-innovation and conventional innovation in the Canadian wine industry

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02156533/document

Spatial complexity and temporal dynamics in viticulture: A review of climate-driven scales

The aim of this preliminary study was to identify potential colour components, volatile and sensory attributes that could discriminate Pinot noir wines from five Australian winegrowing regions (Adelaide Hills, Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Northern and Southern Tasmania) The sensory analysis consisted of the Pivot© Profile method that was performed by wine professionals A headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to quantify multiple volatile compounds, while the Modified Somers method was used for colour characterisation Analysis of data suggested ethyl decanoate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, in addition to decanoic acid as important contributors to the discrimination between regions Similarly, wine hue, chemical age indices, total anthocyanin, and (%) non-bleachable pigment also discriminated wines between regions The sensory analysis showed that wines from Mornington Peninsula were associated with the ‘red fruits’ aroma, ‘acidic’, and ‘astringency’ palate descriptors, while those from Adelaide Hills were associated with the ‘brown’ colour attribute This study indicates regionality is a strong driver of aroma typicity of wine

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Preliminary Study of Australian Pinot Noir Wines by Colour and Volatile Analyses, and the Pivot© Profile Method Using Wine Professionals

Vitis vinifera L. Pinot noir still wines are some of the most popular and expensive red wines in the world. Several research articles are reported in literature concerning the impacts of viticultural and enological practices, and vineyard location, on Pinot noir still wine aroma. This review summarizes the previous and latest literature pertaining to volatile compounds including esters, higher alcohols and C13-norisoprenoids, and their effect on Pinot noir wine perceived aroma. Their origin and behavior are discussed, as well as their role in regional differentiation. The first part of this review paper presents an overview of volatile compounds that are usually found in Pinot noir still wines at concentrations higher than their odor detection threshold. The second part deals with studies pertaining to human inputs that impact on Pinot noir wine aroma profile such as viticulture and winemaking interventions. The role of the vineyard site is also revised. This review concludes by considering what further opportunities are available to researchers in this field for greater control over Pinot noir wine quality outcomes.

A review on the aroma composition of Vitis vinifera L. Pinot noir wines: origins and influencing factors

This paper assesses the impacts of observed (1981–2010) and projected (2011–2100) climate changes on key indicators and critical thresholds for grape growth and wine production across the three appellations of origin in Ontario (Canada). The historical analysis is based on local weather station data from Environment Canada and the projections are based on selective ensembles of seasonal global climate model projections, statistically downscaled to create local-daily climate change scenarios. Average growing season temperatures have already been warming and growing degree days are increasing, both at statistically significant rates, and are both projected to continue increasing over the course of the twenty-first century. For Niagara Peninsula and Lake Erie North Shore, these one-time cool climate wine regions have already evolved into intermediate climate wine regions and are projected to transition into warm or even hot climate regions by the 2080s. There is also evidence showing that heat stress has and will likely continue to increase, while freeze damage has and likely will continue to decrease. Pruning and shading are the key short-term adaptation strategies while varietal selection is the key long-term adaptation strategy to minimize risks and maximise opportunities in response to these observed and projected regional climate change impacts.

Climate change impact assessment on grape and wine for Ontario, Canada’s appellations of origin

The anthropogenic-driven changes witnessed in the global climate over the last several decades are often manifest in the world’s wine regions in form of climate variability, extreme weather events and the gradual evolution of their thermal and precipitation regimes. The cool climate wine regions, such as those in Canada, on the climatic margins of commercial viticulture are likely to benefit from this gradual warming trend, but not without attendant risks. This study evaluates the evolution of the climates in Ontario’s principal cool climate wine regions to determine their variability and evolution based on long-term data for the period 1970–2015. Non-parametric time series and standard descriptive statistics are used to analyse long-term trends in key bio-climatic indices and precipitation variables related the winter and April–October growing season conditions. The results indicate high inter-annual variability of the thermal and moisture attributes, but accompanied by a gradual warming of the growing season and the evolution from a cooler climate to a warmer climate that could positively affect wine quality.

Climate change and the evolution of the Ontario cool climate wine regions in Canada

This study examines the growing season climates of selected wine regions worldwide that have significant areas planted to pinot noir. It uses the normalized climatic data for the 1971–2000 period to analyse those climatic factors that influence the production of quality pinot noir wines in cool climate regions and provides a comparison with those of the variety's historical home, Burgundy. Ultimately, the study seeks to understand the climatic differences and similarities between these wine regions. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis show that the regions fall into three broad groups, differentiated on the basis of such variables as the daytime maximum temperature, growing season precipitation totals, the diurnal temperature range and the mean temperature during the ripening period. These factors are also likely to contribute to the uniqueness of the wines in each region. However, similarity exists among the regions with respect to the accumulated growing degree-days, the tot...

Tony B. Shaw

Papers

Climate change and the evolution of the Ontario cool climate wine regions in Canada

A climatic analysis of wine regions growing pinot noir