https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1056&context=civilengfacpub

Landsat-8: Science and Product Vision for Terrestrial Global Change Research

https://www.uv.es/ucg/articulos/2005/Publications_2004_10.pdf

Land surface temperature retrieval from LANDSAT TM 5

The first Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument is planned for launch by NASA in 1998. This instrument will provide a new and improved capability for terrestrial satellite remote sensing aimed at meeting the needs of global change research. The MODIS standard products will provide new and improved tools for moderate resolution land surface monitoring. These higher order data products have been designed to remove the burden of certain common types of data processing from the user community and meet the more general needs of global-to-regional monitoring, modeling, and assessment. The near-daily coverage of moderate resolution data from MODIS, coupled with the planned increase in high-resolution sampling from Landsat 7, will provide a powerful combination of observations. The full potential of MODIS will be realized once a stable and well-calibrated time-series of multispectral data has been established. In this paper the proposed MODIS standard products for land applications are described along with the current plans for data quality assessment and product validation.

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The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): land remote sensing for global change research

Two critical limitations for using current satellite sensors in real-time crop management are the lack of imagery with optimum spatial and spectral resolutions and an unfavorable revisit time for most crop stress-detection applications. Alternatives based on manned airborne platforms are lacking due to their high operational costs. A fundamental requirement for providing useful remote sensing products in agriculture is the capacity to combine high spatial resolution and quick turnaround times. Remote sensing sensors placed on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) could fill this gap, providing low-cost approaches to meet the critical requirements of spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions. This paper demonstrates the ability to generate quantitative remote sensing products by means of a helicopter-based UAV equipped with inexpensive thermal and narrowband multispectral imaging sensors. During summer of 2007, the platform was flown over agricultural fields, obtaining thermal imagery in the 7.5-13-mum region (40-cm resolution) and narrowband multispectral imagery in the 400-800-nm spectral region (20-cm resolution). Surface reflectance and temperature imagery were obtained, after atmospheric corrections with MODTRAN. Biophysical parameters were estimated using vegetation indices, namely, normalized difference vegetation index, transformed chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index/optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index, and photochemical reflectance index (PRI), coupled with SAILH and FLIGHT models. As a result, the image products of leaf area index, chlorophyll content (C ab), and water stress detection from PRI index and canopy temperature were produced and successfully validated. This paper demonstrates that results obtained with a low-cost UAV system for agricultural applications yielded comparable estimations, if not better, than those obtained by traditional manned airborne sensors.

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Thermal and Narrowband Multispectral Remote Sensing for Vegetation Monitoring From an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

The MODIS fire products

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a research facility instrument provided by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), Tokyo, Japan to be launched on NASA's Earth Observing System morning (EOS-AM1) platform in 1998. ASTER has three spectral hands in the visible near-infrared (VNIR), six bands in the shortwave infrared (SWIR), and five bands in the thermal infrared (TIR) regions, with 15-, 30-, and 90-m ground resolution, respectively. The VNIR subsystem has one backward-viewing band for stereoscopic observation in the along-track direction. Because the data will have wide spectral coverage and relatively high spatial resolution, it will be possible to discriminate a variety of surface materials and reduce problems in some lower resolution data resulting from mixed pixels. ASTER will, for the first time, provide high-spatial resolution multispectral thermal infrared data from orbit and the highest spatial resolution surface spectral reflectance temperature and emissivity data of all of the EOS-AM1 instruments. The primary science objective of the ASTER mission is to improve understanding of the local- and regional-scale processes occurring on or near the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere, including surface-atmosphere interactions. Specific areas of the science investigation include the following: (1) land surface climatology; (2) vegetation and ecosystem dynamics; (3) volcano monitoring; (4) hazard monitoring; (5) aerosols and clouds; (6) carbon cycling in the marine ecosystem; (7) hydrology; (8) geology and soil; and (9) land surface and land cover change. There are three categories of ASTER data: a global map, regional monitoring data sets, and local data sets to be obtained for requests from individual investigators.

/pdf/overview-of-advanced-spaceborne-thermal-emission-and-wlzvf2j8o5.pdf

Overview of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)

ASTER instrument characterization and operation scenario

The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) is a multi- spectral imaging radiometer with 14 spectral bands, 60 km imaging swath, and 15 - 90 m spatial resolutions. Since operation of the ASTER instrument will be affected by various constraints such as duty cycle and pointing frequencies, it is necessary to optimize the operation scenario for efficient data acquisition during the 6 year mission period. In addition, many possible combinations of the observation modes of the three ASTER subsystems (VNIR, SWIR, and TIR), which can be operated independently with different gain setting for each spectral band, complicate the data acquisition scenario. There are four data acquisition categories; local observations, regional monitoring, global mapping, and engineering team requests. Local observations will be made in response to data acquisition requests (DARs) from individual investigators. Regional monitoring and global mapping will be scheduled in response to science team acquisition requests (STARs). Prioritization of data acquisition requests will be done using the factors such as user status and observation categories. Three types of schedules; long term schedule (LTS), short term schedule (STS), and one day schedule (ODS) will be generated for ASTER observation activities.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

ASTER data acquisition scenario

Planned for launch in June 1998, the Earth Observing System (EOS) AM1-spacecraft will carry five instruments which will be placed into a polar, sun-synchronous, 705 km orbit. EOS AM-1 will cross the equator at 10:30 am local time when daily cloud cover is typically at a minimum over land, such that surface features can be more easily observed. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan is providing the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument. The ASTER instrument is a high performance spatial imager which has three sensors. The interval between the nearest two orbits is 172 km at the equator. The swath of sensors is 60 km. Therefore ASTER must have pointing capability in order to cover the whole surface of the earth. ASTER accept xARs form many users. Because of constrained spacecraft data capacity, ASTER's data acquisition scheduling algorithm which will perform the most effective scheduling from the inputs which consist of many xARs and which is derived from prioritization information.

Toru Kawakami

Papers

Overview of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)

ASTER instrument characterization and operation scenario

ASTER data acquisition scenario

Data acquisition scheduling algorithm for multitelescope instrument with pointing function