Toshiaki Umezawa

TL;DR: It is likely that OsRac1 controls lignin synthesis through regulation of both NADPH oxidase and OsCCR1 activities during defense responses in rice, which presents an undegradable mechanical barrier to most pathogens.

TL;DR: Cloned cDNAs encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and a caffeate O-methyltransferase from sweetgum and COMT converted coniferyl aldehyde to sinapyl alde Hyde, suggesting a CAld5H/COMT-mediated pathway from guaiacyl to syringyl monolignol biosynthesis via conifldehyde that contrasts with the generally accepted route to Sinapate via ferulate.

TL;DR: In this review, the phylogenetic distribution of plants producing 66 typical lignans is listed and the distribution is correlated with the putative biosynthetic pathways of the lignan and discussed from evolutionary aspects.

TL;DR: Based on the structures of the degradation products and the isotopic experiments, it was established that three types of reactions occurred via phenoxy radicals of substrates caused by laccase: C alpha-C beta cleavage, alkyl-aryl cleavage and C alpha (C1) oxidation.

TL;DR: The OsMKK4–OsMPK6 cascade plays a crucial role in reprogramming plant metabolism during MAMP-triggered defense responses and induces dynamic changes of metabolic flow from glycolysis to secondary metabolite biosynthesis while suppressing basic cellular activities.