Uncertainties and dynamic problems of bolted joints and other fasteners

This paper describes the establishment of an evaluation method for metal surface texture. The evaluation parameters used for surface texture were roughness, glossiness and color. Seven sample materials were studied: aluminum alloys (A2017, A5052), stainless steel (SUS304) and copper alloys (tough pitch copper C 1100, brass C2801, phosphor bronze C5191 and nickel silver C7541). The surfaces of all specimens were polished using waterproof abrasive papers. The correlation of the surface texture parameters for all specimens was investigated experimentally. The surface roughness of specimens was evaluated using the arithmetical mean roughness "Ra". The method for evaluating surface color was assessed by using CIELAB color space. The CIELAB color space is one of a uniform color space defined by CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) in 1976. The results indicated that as surface roughness value "Ra" decreased, as the glossiness value "Gs(60°)" increased exponentially. The lightness value "L*" of the CIELAB color space decreased, as surface roughness value "Ra" decreased. Thus, the relationship between the lightness value "L*" and surface roughness value "Ra" showed an inverse correlation with the glossiness value "Gs(60°)" and surface roughness value "Ra". Moreover, the surface color showed that the blue hue increased, as the surface roughness value "Ra" decreased for all seven types of materials.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/matertrans/45/4/45_4_1027/_pdf

Experimental relationships between surface roughness, glossiness and color of chromatic colored metals

This paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied to the analysis and simulation of adhesive bonding, soldering and brazing processes. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations on the subjects that were published in 1976 - 1996. The following topics are included: adhesive bonding - stress analysis of adhesive bonding in general, stress analysis and design of specific bonded joints, fracture mechanics and fatigue analysis, destructive and nondestructive evaluation of bonds, other topics; soldering - thermal stresses and deformation analysis of solder joints, fracture mechanics aspects and fatigue analysis of solder joints, solder joint reliability; and brazing - finite element analysis and simulation.

https://www.giref.ulaval.ca/~deteix/bois/documents_references/article10.pdf

Finite element analysis and simulation of adhesive bonding, soldering and brazing: A bibliography (1976 - 1996)

Analysis and design of adhesive-bonded tee joints

Strength of adhesively bonded scarf joints between glass fibre-reinforced plastics and metals

The strength of adhesive bonded joints is investigated both analytically and experimentally. The deformed states of lap joints under tensile shear loading are analysed by the finite element method on the assumption of elastic deformation. A method of using the adhesive strength law is proposed to estimate the joint strength. The adhesive strength law is experimentally determined by subjecting butt joints of two thin-walled tubes to combined axial load and torsion. The strength of lap joints is determined by adopting the adhesive strength law to the adhering interface as well as the strength law of adherend and adhesive resin. The calculated strain distribution and strength of the joints are compared with the experimental results. The effects of the joint configurations on the deformation and strength are discussed. It is shown that the proposed method is useful to predict the joint strength.

A Method of Estimating the Strength of Adhesive Bonded Joints of Metals

The effect of surface roughness on glossiness and surface color for anodized 5052 aluminum alloy plates were investigated. The surface roughness of aluminum alloy plate was controlled by processing of shot blasting to satisfy the condition of arithmetical mean roughness, Ra, less than 1.0 μm. The specimens with several different conditions were prepared: shot blasting, anodizing after blasting, and, in addition, it dyed it to red, green and blue respectively. CIELAB (L*a*b* color system) was applied to the surface color evaluation method. The results of experiments, the glossiness value, Gs (60°), increased as decreasing Ra. The lightness, L*, decreased as decreasing Ra. The hue angle, hab, of the anodized surface changed into the green direction. The a, b chroma, C*ab, decreased as decreasing Ra of the anodizing red and blue specimens. However, the a, b chroma, C*ab, increased as decreasing Ra of the anodizing green specimen. This was caused by the fact that the hue angle, hab, changes into the green direction by anodizing.

Effect of surface roughness on glossiness and surface color for an anodized 5052 aluminum alloy plate

The strength evaluation of adhesively bonded scarf joints having adherends of the same or dissimilar metal was investigated both analytically and experimentally in order to accomplish a way of strength designing of adhesively bonded materials. The strain and stress distributions in the adhesively bonded joints were analyzed by means of the finite element method. The strengths were calculated on the basis of our criterion. The effect of the mechanical properties of adherends on the joint strength was examined. The deformation state and fracture mode of the joints having adherends of the same metal. It was predicted that the smaller the difference in the Young's moduli between the adherends, the greater the joint strength was.

Strength Evaluation of Scarf Joints Bonded with Adhesive Resin : Solid-Mechanics, Strength of Materials

In this paper, the eŠects of topography with diŠerent rough surfaces on glossiness are investigated experimentally in order to characterize a surface texture of an aluminum alloy A5052H34. The surface texture of aluminum alloy is determined by the glossiness and the three factors of surface roughness: arithmetical mean Ra, period of roughness proˆle and slopes of the roughness. The surface of sample used in the experiment has diŠerent rough surfaces due to diŠerent cutting process. The topography of sample was measured by using a mechanical stylus proˆlometry. The periodic of roughness was evaluated by mean width of the proˆle elements RSm. The experimental results showed that the glossiness slightly increased as Ra decreased. As glossiness increased, RSm decreased. These means that the surface with low amplitudes and short wavelengths of the roughness results in high glossiness values. Moreover, histogram of the re‰ection angle calculated roughness proˆle showed that the specular re‰ection values of glossiness decreased as the diŠuse re‰ection values increased. Thus the local slopes of the roughness correlate strongly with the glossiness. These results clearly veriˆed that the proposed method for evaluating the surface texture of aluminum alloy was eŠective. (Received October 2, 2002)

Effect of surface roughness on glossiness of a 5052 aluminum alloy

In this paper, we carried out an experimental research for establishing the evaluation of metal's surface texture by analysis of surface color. The materials of samples used in the experiment were aluminum alloys (A2017, A5052), stainless steel (SUS304) and copper alloy (nickel silver C7541). The surfaces of samples were burnished by use of waterproof abrasive papers. The surface roughness of samples evaluated by arithmetical mean Ra, root mean square slope RΔq and mean width of the profile elements RSm. The experimental results showed strong correlation for three different roughness parameters. Consequently, “Ra” was used as roughness parameter. As Ra decreased, the glossiness exponentially increased. The evaluation method of surface color was applied to CIELAB. The lightness L* in CIELAB decreased as Ra decreased. Thus, it showed that relationship between L* and Ra inverse correlation between glossiness and Ra. Moreover, surface color of four different materials showed that the chromaticness of blue increased as Ra decreased.

Toshio Sugibayashi

Papers

A Method of Estimating the Strength of Adhesive Bonded Joints of Metals

Effect of surface roughness on glossiness and surface color for an anodized 5052 aluminum alloy plate

Strength Evaluation of Scarf Joints Bonded with Adhesive Resin : Solid-Mechanics, Strength of Materials

Effect of surface roughness on glossiness of a 5052 aluminum alloy

Evaluation method of surface texture by the surface colors of aluminum alloys