Uncertainties and dynamic problems of bolted joints and other fasteners

This paper describes the establishment of an evaluation method for metal surface texture. The evaluation parameters used for surface texture were roughness, glossiness and color. Seven sample materials were studied: aluminum alloys (A2017, A5052), stainless steel (SUS304) and copper alloys (tough pitch copper C 1100, brass C2801, phosphor bronze C5191 and nickel silver C7541). The surfaces of all specimens were polished using waterproof abrasive papers. The correlation of the surface texture parameters for all specimens was investigated experimentally. The surface roughness of specimens was evaluated using the arithmetical mean roughness "Ra". The method for evaluating surface color was assessed by using CIELAB color space. The CIELAB color space is one of a uniform color space defined by CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) in 1976. The results indicated that as surface roughness value "Ra" decreased, as the glossiness value "Gs(60°)" increased exponentially. The lightness value "L*" of the CIELAB color space decreased, as surface roughness value "Ra" decreased. Thus, the relationship between the lightness value "L*" and surface roughness value "Ra" showed an inverse correlation with the glossiness value "Gs(60°)" and surface roughness value "Ra". Moreover, the surface color showed that the blue hue increased, as the surface roughness value "Ra" decreased for all seven types of materials.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/matertrans/45/4/45_4_1027/_pdf

Experimental relationships between surface roughness, glossiness and color of chromatic colored metals

This paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied to the analysis and simulation of adhesive bonding, soldering and brazing processes. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations on the subjects that were published in 1976 - 1996. The following topics are included: adhesive bonding - stress analysis of adhesive bonding in general, stress analysis and design of specific bonded joints, fracture mechanics and fatigue analysis, destructive and nondestructive evaluation of bonds, other topics; soldering - thermal stresses and deformation analysis of solder joints, fracture mechanics aspects and fatigue analysis of solder joints, solder joint reliability; and brazing - finite element analysis and simulation.

https://www.giref.ulaval.ca/~deteix/bois/documents_references/article10.pdf

Finite element analysis and simulation of adhesive bonding, soldering and brazing: A bibliography (1976 - 1996)

Analysis and design of adhesive-bonded tee joints

Strength of adhesively bonded scarf joints between glass fibre-reinforced plastics and metals

The deformation and strength of tapered lap joints having different thicknesses of adherends were investigated both analytically and experimentally. The strain distributions of the joints of carbon steel bonded with epoxy resin under tensile shear loading were analyzed by the finite element method. The analytical strain distributions coincided approximately with the experimental results. The strength of tapered lap joints was estimated by using the strength laws of adherend, adhesive resin and adhesive interface. The results were compared with the experimental strength of the joints. Initial cracking in the joints did not lead directly to a final fracture and the joints were able to carry the increasing load. It was shown that the tapering of the adherends was effective in improving the strength of the asymmetric single lap joints.

Strength evaluation of asymmetric single lap joints (2nd report: effects of the taper of adherends)

The effects of the mechanical properties of adherend materials on the strength of adhesive joints were studied by applying a tensile and torsional load to the tubular butt joints of dissimilar adherends. The specimen materials used in the experiment were carbon steel, copper, brass, aluminium alloy for adherends and epoxy resin for adhesive. The strength of the cured adhesive joint under the tensile load was compared with that without curing to investigate the effect of the difference in the coefficient of thermal linear expansion on the strength of the adhesive joints. The strength of the cured joints was higher than that of the non-cured joints. This showed that there was no remarkable influence of the coefficient of thermal linear expansion on the joint strength. The effects of ratio of Young's modulus on the joint's strength under tensile load decreased when the difference in Young's modulus of adherends was larger. This decrease of the joint strength was discussed on the basis of the analytical stress distribution in the inter face between adhesive layer and the adherend.

Strength design of the thin walled butt joint bonded with adhesive resin between dissimilar adherends.

Etude analytique et experimentale d'assemblages de metaux differents colles par une resine epoxy. Analyse de la distribution des contraintes et deformations par la methode des elements finis. Influence des proprietes mecaniques des metaux sur la solidite du joint

Strength Evaluation of Adhesively Bonded Joints of Dissimilar Metals

In this study, the effect of surface roughness on glossiness and surface color for a pure titanium and a TiN coating surface was investigated based on the experimental discussions. CIELAB (L*a*b* color system) was applied to the evaluation method of surface color. Specimens were machined so that the arithmetical mean roughness, Ra, is less than 1.0 μm. From the results of experiments, the arithmetical mean roughness, Ra, decreased, as the glossiness, Gs (60°), increased. Especially, the glossiness value in the roughness range Ra?0.2 μm was distributed from 50 to 400. Moreover, the arithmetical mean roughness, Ra, decreased, as the lightness, L*, and a, b chroma, C* ab , decreased. The TiN coated surface with vividness had a pronounced tendency to decreasing lightness, L*, and a, b chroma, C* ab . This was attributable to the smaller difference of elevation of the spectral reflectance curve by reason that the short wavelength was diffused more than the long wavelength.

Toshio Sugibayashi

Papers

Strength evaluation of asymmetric single lap joints (2nd report: effects of the taper of adherends)

Strength design of the thin walled butt joint bonded with adhesive resin between dissimilar adherends.

Strength Evaluation of Adhesively Bonded Joints of Dissimilar Metals

Effect of surface roughness on glossiness and surface color for pure titanium and titanium nitride-coating surfaces

Effect of number of steps on stress distribution and final fracture strength of stepped-lap bonded joint.