Application of deep eutectic solvents in biomass pretreatment and conversion

Deep eutectic solvents: An overview on their interactions with water and biochemical compounds

Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and food residues to obtain valuable chemicals is essential to the establishment of a sustainable and biobased economy in the modern world. The latest and greenest generation of ionic liquids (ILs) are deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs); these have shown great promise for various applications and have attracted considerable attention from researchers who seek versatile solvents with pretreatment, extraction, and catalysis capabilities in biomass- and biowaste-to-bioenergy conversion processes. The present work aimed to review the use of DESs and NADESs in the valorization of biomass and biowaste as pretreatment or extraction solvents or catalysis agents.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/22/4012/pdf

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment, Extraction, and Catalysis of Biomass and Food Waste.

Gelatin-based composite films and their application in food packaging: A review

Chitin (CT), an abundant biopolymer, next to cellulose, constitutes a vital renewable resource obtained from diverse biological sources. Chitosan (CS), its main derivative, is valued for its ‘tunable’ feature that facilitates numerous optimizable applications in multiple industrial sectors. The CS market is escalating exponentially, while crustaceans are majorly exploited to meet the growing demand. From the sustainability perspective, exploring alternative sources rich in CT is essential for an economical route for CS production; this can also offer a new range of functionalities and applications. This work attempts to review the properties and applications of CT and CS, based on their source (marine, terrestrial, and fungi), chemistry (structural modifications, molecular weight, and degree of deacetylation), and extraction method (chemical and biological). Critical comparisons have been made considering research reports published during the past decade. While the existing application-range for CT and CS is vast, this work concludes with future research challenges and perspectives.

A review on source-specific chemistry, functionality, and applications of chitin and chitosan

Deep eutectic solvent-based extraction and fabrication of chitin films from crustacean waste.

Extraction of astaxanthin using ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents from shrimp wastes and its application in bioactive films

Gelatin-sodium alginate based films with Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. freeze-dried powder obtained by subcritical water extraction

The present study investigated the recovery of antioxidative compounds obtained from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. and their biological activities using subcritical water in comparison with hot water, Soxhlet, and methanol extraction. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and three commonly used assays, that is, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power, were employed to measure the number of valuable compounds and their antioxidant capacities, respectively. Additionally, the antimicrobial ability of the various extracts against seven pathogenic bacteria strains was assessed. The results demonstrated that the extracts obtained from subcritical water extraction (SWE) contain the highest amount of saponin (33.82 ± 2.08 mg diosgenin/g), phenolic (34.87 ± 0.29 mg CE/g), and protein (104.66 ± 7.63 mg BSA/g), which are obtained at 170 °C, 190 °C, and 230 °C, respectively. The highest amounts of total sugar and flavonoids (211.73 ± 1.58 mg glucose/g and 20.71 ± 0.42 mg RE/g, respectively) were obtained at lower temperature (130 °C and 130 °C, respectively), and these values were higher than those obtained from hot water, Soxhlet, and methanol extraction. HPLC analysis indicated that the highest amount of apigenin (3.46 ± 0.03 mg/g) and kaempferol (2.43 ± 0.03 mg/g) were obtained by SWE at 170 °C and 190 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the extracts from SWE exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against five of the seven pathogenic bacterial strains tested compared with those obtained from conventional extraction methods. Therefore, subcritical water could be utilized as a cost-effective and green solvent to extract valuable compounds from P. palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. leaf. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Subcritical water was able to recover more bioactive compounds from the sample, such as phenolics, flavonoids, saponin, protein, and polysaccharides, than conventional solvents. The mixture of polyphenolic-polysaccharide-protein conjugates could be used in further steps, isolation, and purification, and applied to functional food.

Extraction of bioactive compounds from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. using subcritical water and conventional solvents: a comparison study.

The recovery of amino acids and other important bioactive compounds from the comb penshell (Atrina pectinata) using subcritical water hydrolysis was performed. A wide range of extraction temperatures from 140 to 290 °C was used to evaluate the release of proteins and amino acids. The amount of crude protein was the highest (36.14 ± 1.39 mg bovine serum albumin/g) at 200 °C, whereas a further increase in temperature showed the degradation of the crude protein content. The highest amount of amino acids (74.80 mg/g) was at 230 °C, indicating that the temperature range of 170-230 °C is suitable for the extraction of protein-rich compounds using subcritical water hydrolysis. Molecular weights of the peptides obtained from comb penshell viscera decreased with the increasing temperature. SDS-PAGE revealed that the molecular weight of peptides present in the hydrolysates above the 200 °C extraction temperature was ≤ 1000 Da. Radical scavenging activities were analyzed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the hydrolysates. A. pectinata hydrolysates also showed a particularly good antihypertensive activity, proving that this raw material can be an effective source of amino acids and marine bioactive peptides.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/3/137/pdf

Truc Cong Ho

Papers

Deep eutectic solvent-based extraction and fabrication of chitin films from crustacean waste.

Extraction of astaxanthin using ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents from shrimp wastes and its application in bioactive films

Gelatin-sodium alginate based films with Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. freeze-dried powder obtained by subcritical water extraction

Extraction of bioactive compounds from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. using subcritical water and conventional solvents: a comparison study.

Amino Acid Profiles and Biopotentiality of Hydrolysates Obtained from Comb Penshell (Atrina pectinata) Viscera Using Subcritical Water Hydrolysis.